The intention and willingness to pay moving violation citations among Taiwan motorcyclists and automobile drivers

[[abstract]]臺灣地區過去幾十年間，由於經濟快速成長致使民眾生活物質水準的提高，也間接促使私人小客車、機車等機動車輛數目快速增加。因而衍生的交通違規、事故也逐漸浮現檯面，並有逐年增加的趨勢。過去針對此類情況常採取兩類方法。一為加強取締強度；二為適當調整交通違規罰款。第一種方法通常會受限於警方人力的限制，並且所耗費的社會成本較大；若採取第二種方式，雖然較為消極的方法，但好處在於執行方便、易於調整、並且對於民眾仍有一定的嚇阻效用。本研究採用三層情境設計方式，並利用Spike模式建構臺灣小客車、機車兩類駕駛者違規之願付風險價格。主要探討的違規項目分別有超速違規、闖紅燈違規、紅燈右轉違規、酒駕違規等四項。模式中亦針對此五項違規探討影響願付風險價格的重要因素。研究結果發現除了加強執法強度外，調升罰款金額也是較具影響的方式之一。小客車的Spike模式校估結果顯示：一般道路超速違規願付風險價格為1,223元；快速道路、高速公路超速違規願付風險價格為1,595元；闖紅燈違規為1,522元；紅燈右轉違規為586元；酒駕違規為18,308元。在機車部分針對大學生族群作探討，其Spike模式校估結果則是：一般道路超速違規願付風險價格為740元；闖紅燈違規為1,100元；紅燈右轉違規為367元；酒駕違規為18,540元。[[abstract]]In Taiwan, in the past decades, it improved the people’s life levels that was due to economic growth rapidly and also indirectly result in the private automobile and motorcycle numbers increased rapidly. Therefore, the traffic violations and accidents has gradually surfaced and there was a tendency for increased year by year. For this situations in the past, it always taken two kinds of approach. First, it strengthen the intensity of the ban and second, it appropriate to adjusted the traffic violation fines. The first approach that was usually restricted by the police manpower, and it was also spent more social cost than others ; If it taken the second approach, although it was more passive but the advantage was that the convenient of implementation, easy to adjusted, and it still had a deterrent effect for the people. This study uses three-level scenario design and Spike model constructs to investigate the risk premium Taiwan automobile and motorcycle drivers are willing to pay for moving violations. The primary focus of the investigation is on four types of moving violations including speeding, running red lights, right turn on red violations, and drunk driving. In the model, these four types of violations influence the willingness to pay a risk premium. The results show that, in addition to increasing enforcement, raising the level of fines is one of the most effective methods to influence levels of compliance. Estimated results through the automobile drivers Spike model show that road speeders will accept a risk premium of NT$1,223, and expressway, highway speeder will accept a risk premium of NT$1,595, while drivers who run red lights will accept a risk premium of NT$1,522, drivers who turn right on red will accept a risk premium of NT$586, and drunk drivers will accept a risk premium of NT$18,308. The motorcycle drivers estimated results show that road speeders will accept a risk premium of NT$740, while drivers who run red lights will accept a risk premium of NT$1,100, drivers who turn right on red will accept a risk premium of NT$367, and drunk drivers will accept a risk premium of NT$18,540.[[note]]碩