The Localization of Taiwan Public Health Physician System during Japanese ruler Era

[[abstract]] 日治時期的臺灣公醫制度（1896-1945），最初是臺灣總督府苦於當時臺灣一地缺乏近代醫療人才，為了維持在臺日人健康而創設的。後藤新平曾於全島性的公醫大會上，講述殖民政府期許公醫能成為「帝國的傳教士」，藉以近代醫療知識此文明利器，收服殖民地民眾身心，進而利於殖民統治。這場演說裡，後藤新平同時強調了臺灣公醫與警察系統間必須相互配合，由此也呈現出日治時期醫療衛生體系與警察之間的緊密聯繫。 觀察《臺灣總督府公文類纂》中的公醫履歷，臺灣公醫在1908年前清一色為日籍人士，大多是日本的醫學校畢業生或具同等學力，領有醫術開業許可證明者。1908年後，臺灣總督府醫學校畢業的醫師成為臺籍公醫。不過公醫的來源並非只有醫師，視地區需要，有時會委任當地通過限地開業醫師試驗者執行公醫業務。另一方面，臺灣公醫也與臺灣醫生的訓練與教育息息相關。而也有醫生透過限地開業醫師試驗合格成為公醫的。臺灣公醫的職責，主要是負責轄區內的醫事業務與環境衛生的監控，以及掌握疫疾的流行趨勢並調查境內風土病的狀況。為了能更有效地執行業務與中央的衛生政策，公醫往往與警察系統或當地臺籍士紳產生職務上的網絡關係。而公醫派駐地的變化，實與臺灣各地的地方發展、臺灣總督府的理蕃政策息息相關。 臺灣公醫對日本人而言，不僅提供了醫療衛生上的需求，並也拓展日人來臺發展的管道。對臺灣人而言，其帶有官方色彩的特色，讓這些公醫成為政策協力者，使得他們藉此增進了在地方上的社會地位。此一制度起初雖為維護在臺日人健康而設置，但其制度規劃、職責分野，都貼近臺灣一地的需求。臺灣總督府也以公醫蒐集到的醫事衛生資料為基礎，擬定順應臺灣時事且有利統治優勢的醫療衛生政策。[[abstract]]The Taiwan Public Health Physician System (1896-1945) was established by Taiwan Sotokufu (The Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan) for that suffers from lacking of the modern medical service member and maintains Japanese people health in the Taiwan. Gotou Shinpei once at the island-wide Public Health Physician meeting, narrated that Taiwan Sotokufu to hope the Taiwan Public Health Physician can become “the empire missionary”, so as to modern medical service knowledge this civilized efficient instrument, subdues the colony populace body and mind, then favors the colonial rule. The Taiwan Public Health Physician is mainly responsible for the practice of medicine service and the environmental sanitation monitoring in the area of jurisdiction, as well as controls the trend of the epidemic disease and investigates the domestic endemic’s condition. For carry out the service and the central health policy effectively, the The Taiwan Public Physician often has connected with the police system or the local Taiwan gentry. To Japanese, The Taiwan Public Health Physician System has provided the health demand, and provides opportunity which the Japanese people came to Taiwan to seek employment. To the Taiwanese, The Taiwan Public Health Physician System take advantage of this promote their social position. Although this system establishes as the maintenance in the Taiwan Japanese people health, but its system plan, the responsibility dividing line, close to the demand of Taiwan.[[note]]碩