Research of Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera in Beijing in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty

[[abstract]]北京戲曲活動在清代中後期進入極盛期，除了舞台上各劇種的競爭外，舞台下優伶陪酒的活動日趨成熟，進一步形成「私寓」的組織，成為當時北京重要的娛樂產業，形成特殊的「品優文化」，深深影響清代中後期甚至民國的戲曲文化。本論文便旨在探討清代中後期在北京興盛起來的品優文化。 本論文採取多視角的分析策略，從出版、商業、城市空間、男色等角度來探討清代中後期北京的品優文化。深究在品優場域中，這些優伶與消費者間「整體的生活方式」與「共同的重要因素」。因此筆者論文分別從下面兩個面向開展：一是品優文化的形式研究，二則是品優文化內涵的研究。 本論文共分七章。第一章緒論，分析何謂品優文化，並論述整個論文結構。第二章研究品優書籍傳播方式與花榜品評活動。第三章，探討私寓內容、淵源、發展歷程、私寓消亡之因。第四章研究私寓的經營狀況，勾勒清代中後期私寓營運傳銷活動。第五章為優伶侑酒活動的分析，勾勒出當時品優客與優伶侑酒侍觴的營業景觀。分析在品優場域中交織雅╱俗；情卅慾等各種不同的聲音。第六章進入品優文化內涵研究，考察品優活動中文人集團的出現與美學品味的建構過程。第七章總結上述各章節中所呈現的品優文化不同面貌，對研究未盡之處進行補充。[[abstract]]Opera activities in Beijing entered its greatest popular period in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty; in addition to all kinds of opera competitions on the stage, the wine-tasting activity attended by actors outside the stage becomes more mature; the so-called ”Szu-Yu” organization is thus formed, which becomes one of the important entertainment industries in Beijing at that time, in other words, special ”Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera” is formed, which deeply affects the opera culture in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty or even in the era of the Republic of China. This article aims at investigating the Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera which became popular in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty in Beijing. Moreover, multiple view angles analysis strategy is taken in this article, namely, publishing, commercial, urban space and male actor, etc., to investigate the Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty in Beijing. The ”entire living style” and ”common important factors” between these actors and the consumers in the fields for commenting about Actors of Traditional Opera will be studied in depth. Therefore, this article will be displayed in two directions: One is the form study of Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera, another is the content study of Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera. This article can be divided into seven chapters. First chapter is an introduction which focuses on analyzing what is so-called “Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera”, and the entire thesis structure will be described here too. Chapter 2 will be a study of the broadcasting way of books commenting about Actors of Traditional Opera and Hua-Pang commenting activity. Chapter 3 will be a study of the content, origin and development history of Szu-Yu and the reason for the extinction of Szu-Yu. Chapter 4 will be a study of the operation status of Szu-Yu, and the operation and marketing activity of Szu-Yu in the Middle-late Cing Dynasty will be described. Chapter 5 will be an analysis of the wine tasting activity of the actors, the business status between person who commenting about Actors of Traditional Opera and the Actor of Traditional Opera is described. That is, voices of elegance/folk and emotion/lust filled in the fields for commenting about Actors of Traditional Opera is analyzed. Chapter 6 will be a content study of “Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera”, that is, the emergence of scholar group and the construction process of beauty and taste in the activity for commenting about Actors of Traditional Opera is investigated. In Chapter 7, different facets of ”Comment Culture about Actors of Traditional Opera” as displayed in the above mentioned sections and chapters will be summarized, and the insufficient part of the research will then be supplemented.[[note]]碩