The current status and prospect of phytosanitary measures and agro-pesticide management implemented in Taiwan

植物防疫檢疫是國際間通行的重要措施，目的在防範有害生物隨著國際間植物及其產品的貿易而傳播，以及防治與管制國內重要疫病蟲害的發生蔓延，以確保農業生產安全，維護植物和人類健康。植物防疫乃針對國內的植物疫病蟲害進行偵測、緊急撲滅、疫區之劃定、管制、圍堵、或施行整合性病蟲害管理措施；植物檢疫則是針對國外疫病蟲在機場、港口或國外原產地採取防堵措施，以避免其入侵。目前我國植物防疫及檢疫工作，不論在組織架構及相關規範都已日趨完備，各項措施也都參照國際規範進行，各項產品之檢疫及處理技術亦陸續研發成功，除大幅提升輸入檢疫效能外，亦有效拓展我國農產品之外銷市場。農藥為農業上的重要資材，其使用攸關作物生產、國民健康安全，及自然環境生態。農藥管理業務自本（93）年起由行政院農業委員會委任動植物防疫檢疫局辦理，負責執行農藥管理法所賦予之農藥登記、製造、輸入及輸出、販賣管理，以及監督、檢查及取締之任務，此外，農糧署、農業藥物毒物試驗所及其他試驗改良場所，亦負起有關農藥安全使用宣導、檢驗及試驗研究等工作。目前施政重點包括：修訂相關法規以強化管理機制、加強農藥品質檢測及偽(禁)劣農藥查緝、農藥風險評估與劇毒農藥管理、農藥業者及農民教育，期能達成安全農業之施政目標。 Phytosanitary measures are important polices globally adopted by different countries to prevent the introduction and spread of regulated plant pests through international trade of plants and plant products. Phytosanitary measures include documentary check, inspection or quarantine of imported plant and plant products at points of entry or pre-clearance in the country of origin carried out by National Plant Protection Organization, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (BAPHIQ) in ROC, according to import requirements in compliance with international standards. With regard to quarantine pests with high likelihood of introduction, detection survey is carried out to determine if they are present. When a quarantine pest is detected, delimiting survey is conducted to establish the boundaries of infestation and official control is taken with the objective of eradication or containment of the quarantine pest. For native species of plant pests of potential economic importance, monitoring survey is periodically carried out by different agricultural agencies around Taiwan coordinated by BAPHIQ and pest alerts are release to growers when monitoring data indicate that control actions are needed. Integrated pest management (IPM) system, an ecosystem-based strategy with a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties, instead of sole chemical control are extended to farmers to ensure the production of crops and the safety of food. In Taiwan, the organizations as well as regulations for the implementation of phytosanitary measures have been well established and operated. Furthermore, several treatments for killing oriental fruit fly have been developed to facilitate the exports of fruits. Agro-pesticides play important roles in plant protection and their use influences the conservation of natural resources and food safety. BAPHIQ has been officially assigned as the central competent authority of agro-pesticide management since 1994. Its responsibilities include approval of registration, risk assessment of approved agro-pesticides, management of manufacture, import, export, sale and inspection of quality of agro-pesticides as well as the crackdown of counterfeit agro-pesticide and the amendment of related regulations. Besides, Agriculture and Food Agency, Taiwan Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute and all District Agricultural Improvement Stations are responsible for trial and testing on the efficacy and quality of agro-pesticides and education of farmers for sound use of agro-pesticides. The above-mentioned tasks are effectively implemented to ensure the safety of farmers, consumers and environment