(34(4):391-401)Application of Anther Culture to Rice Breeding

稉稻花藥培養育成品系與系譜法育成品系，雖各來自不同的雜交親本，在第一期作有相似的產量表現，但於第二期作花藥培養品系卻顯著的低產。其原因是這些品系之結實率及穗重偏低，且由選拔累積優良基因型之機會少，以致高產品系顯著的減少。單交、複交及回交雜種的花藥培養系統之選拔結果顯示，單交材料似較適合於應用花藥培養的育種。因其遺傳背景比較單純，目標性狀如稻熱病、褐飛蝨抵抗性等均以正常的方式分離，而重組也無問題之故。 Two groups of japonica rice strains were yield-trialed, i. e. those selected from the progenies of anther-cultured (AC) hybrids and those from the ordinary pedigree method but of different cross origin. The two groups showed a similar yield performance in the first rice crop but not in the second crop. The AC group tended to be low in the seedset percentage and panicle weight than the pedigree group in the second crop, hence it gave a significantly low number of high-yielding strains. The results of selection on the AC lines from the single cross, double cross and backcross hybrids indicated that the single cross hybrid seemed to be most suitable for the breeding using anther culture, since its genetic background was relatively simple and there was no difficulty in obtaining the segregate and recombinants of the desirable characters such as blast and brown planthopper resistances through this in-vitro procedure