(19(2):31-42)STUDIES ON THE VARIETIES AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF RICE IN THE HIGH ALTITUDE AREA OF NORTHERN TAIWAN

(1)本省北部地區，因地勢之影響，山多平地甚少，故所有水田大部份開設於靠山地區，即海拔100公尺以上至1000公尺以下之問，氣候寒冷致農業條件較為不良的高山坡地區（請參閱圖Ⅱ）其面積計有5-6萬公頃左右，此地帶的氣候自然條件，經試驗研究初步所得結果與平地大有不同，1年間可適應稻作生育上需要高溫期間概自3月下旬平10月中旬止計為210天左右（請參閱圖Ⅰ）。 在此地帶，栽培晚生品種，兩期稻作生育上需260天左右，與該地氣溫分佈比較，水稻生育上需要高溫期間，尚不足50天左右，因此二期水稻栽培困難，致大部份稻田休耕，惟早生品種，兩期作之生育日數合計僅為210天，略與高山地區的氣溫分佈情形可配合，在此情形下，將早生品種中，繼續加強研究選育耐冷，抗病蟲害能力較強而確能豐產的品種，並加以考究其合理的栽培方法，以利推廣係今後糧食增產上之重要工作。 (2)關於早生品種及晚生品種舉行現地兩期作栽培試驗結果而言，据表1-2及表 6-7之資料分析結果兩期作之生產量合計最高量之品種可舉為農試51-工-(3)(5394.0公斤)及台中186號(5320.0公斤)，其次為台北311號(4957.0公斤），此等品種係屬早生品種，因生育日數較短之故，兩期作生育過程上需要氣溫及其他自然條件、符合高山地區之氣溫分佈情形，故均可容納1-2期作，栽培生產，而且其生產量差甚少。 惟台中65號及台北306號係屬晚生品種，每期作之生育日數較長之故，1期作雖可栽培生產，但二期作因生育過程上需要氣溫與當地氣溫變化不能配合之故，大部份結實成熟不良，產量微少，致全年間的生產量較早生品種為低，值得繼續試驗檢討，以利北部地區5-6萬多公頃高山坡水田栽培應用，以利增產為要務。 (3)本報告係初步研究所得，為達到山地的稻作增產，除繼續加強辦理上述工作外，尚須探討山地水田之土質與施肥種類及施肥量等有關問題與稻作增產上相關關係為要務。 (1) In Northern Taiwan restricted to terrain, there are Various and extensive mountainous areas instead of fiats. Under such circumstances, a large proportion of water-fields are located in the vicinity of mountainous areas, at an altitude of 100-1000 meters, with comparatively low temperature, the so-called slopes (see figureⅡ) which are equipped with bad agricultural conditions and amount to 50,000-60,000 hectares. Based on results achieved in an initial test and research, natural climate conditions of the slopes are quite different from those of flat areas. Their high temperature period suitable for rice vegetation ranges from the 2nd half of March to middle October, namely about 210 days (see figure I) par annum. Within the slope areas, as far as cultivation of late crop rice that takes about 260 days with high temperatures to get ripe, at a plantation rate of 2 times a year is concerned, there exists a shortage of about 50 high temperature days yearly. So that there are difficulties in the 2nd rice plantation, leaving most water-fields within such areas unemployed. As for early crop. rice, its vegetation of 2-times plantation requires only about 210 days, approximately in keeping with high altitude temparature conditions. Under such circumstances, constant and strengthened studies should be made of early crop rice varieties and their coldness and past resistance. we should select those that are most endurable, with the largest crop yield, for reasonable cultivation and promotion. This is to be our main work in grain yield expansion. (2) As for two times cultivation or plantation of the said twokinds of seedssin one year, an analysis based on Attachmentsl-2&6-7 shows that the Nung Su No.3 (with a crops 5394.o kg) and Farm Taichung No 186 (with a crop of 5320.o Kg) are the highest in output. Thenext is Taipei No.311 (with a crop of 4957.o Kg) and Tai-Ta No.13 (with a crop of 4947.o Kg) .The aforesaidseads are all of early plantation seed. As their growing periods are comparatively short, temperatures and other naturaleonditions are necessary to ho in Keeping with thosemountains in the growing course of such two time plantationcrops. Therefore, such crops are allowed to be raised inmountain are a with little shortage in ontput. As for Taichung No. 65 and Taipei No. 306, they are late plantation seeds. As their growing period is compatively long, the 1st plantation crop can be cultivated, while the 2nd plantation crop cannot be because of lower production than early plantation, for the temperature on mountains are not in alignment with those of the original locality of the seed. Acëordingly, mountain shope waterflelds have not yetbeen left without being employed for the Snd plantation. on the basis of the abovementioned, early plantion secds canbe employed for two-time plantion in mountain area with good effects. Results achieved in this test on the ssid seeas should be used together with furtherobservations and surveys of their anti-pest capabilities and output so as to derive the finest 1-2 seeds for area test anddomontration purpoes.rn this way, morethan 20,000 hectaresos of mountain slopewaterlands canb be employed to a full oxtent, (see figurell) for output promotion, the main purpose of cultivation. (3) This report is a result of initial studies. In order to promote rice production in high altitude area, apart from the said works, it is further necessary to study the quality of water-field soil at high altitude, and the right kind and quantity of feryger to be used on such soil, which are quite related to rice yield promotion problems