(35(1):118-128)Biology of Pea Leafminer, Phytomyza horticola Goureau, and the Control of Several Pea Insects

葉潛蠅（Phytomyza horticola Goureau）以豌豆為主要寄主植物。卵多產於葉背。在21±1℃ , RH70-80%, 12L 之環境下，卵期1-3日，孵化率96.68%。一、二、三齡幼蟲口鉤吻節長度分別平均為114.3、190.0、289.6 μm。發育日數分別為2.50、1.69、1.75日。第一齡蟲死亡率65.03%，第二、三齡蟲全部存活。化蛹葉背。蛹長2.06mm，寬0.91 mm。蛹期7.53日，羽化率82.75%。雌蟲翅長2.61mm，雄蟲2.30mm 。羽化後1-3天開始交尾、產卵。一生產卵144-1,057粒，平均475.3粒。雌蟲壽命10-35日，平均21.6日。雄蟲2-5日，平均3.3日。 播種同時施用粒劑：10% Thimet 40kg / ha、10% Temik 20kg / ha 或3% Furadan 80kg / ha，對葉潛蠅之防治有效；前二者亦可防治莖潛蠅（Melanagromyza sojae），而防治小綠葉蟬（Empoasca formosana）則僅10%Temik有效。 生育中期施用44%Dimethoate EC、50% Tamaron EC 防治葉潛蠅效果最好；75%Orthene SP、50% Methyl parathion EC、24% Lannate L與20% Sumicidin EC次之；50% Mipcide WP效果不佳。以上藥劑除50% Mipcide EC外，均可兼防治蚜蟲（Acrythosiphon pisi, Myzus perscae, Aphis craccivora. 44% Dimethoate EC、24% Lannate L與75% Orthene SP亦對薊馬有效。 Pea leafminer (Phytoniyza horticola Goureau) attacks sweet pea seriously in Taiwan. Most of their eggs laid in the undersurfaces of pea leaves. Under the circumstance of 21±1°C, RH70-80%, 12L, egg stage lasted for 1-3 days. Hatching rate was 96.68%. The length of mouth hook with hypopharynx skeleton of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae were 114.3, 190.0, 289.6 μm, and the developing period were 2.50, 1.69, 1.75 days, respectively. 65.03% of the 1st instar larvae died while no larvae was found died during the 2nd and the 3rd stadia. Pupae lasted 7.53 days, and 82.75% emerged succesfully. Wing length of female measured 2.61 mm, male 2. 30mm. Mating and egg deposition started 1-3 days after emergence. Female laid 144-1057, averagely 475.3 eggs. Adult female survived 10-35, averagely 21.6 days; male 2-5at an average of 3.3 days. Application of thimet 10% G. 40kg/ha , temik 10% G. 20kg/ha, furaban 3% G. 80 kg/ha were effective for the control of leafminers. The former two granules also controlled stemminers. For the control of plant hopper, only temik were effective. Among surface sprayers, dimethoate 44% EC, tamaron 50% EC, were the best two followed by orthene 75% SP, methyl parathion 50% EC, lannate 24% L, and sumicidin 20% EC. These chemicals were effective for controlling aphids. Dimethoate, lannate, and orthene were also effective for thrips