(30(4):412-419)柑橘木蝨 (Diaphorina citri K.) 之生態與空間分布之特性

Experiments on spatial distribution of asiatic citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) were conducted at Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute from the winter of 1979 to the summer of 1981. Forty 4th or 5th instar nymphs of asiatic citrus psyllids were introduced on 240 pot-raised citrus saplings (Citrus reticulata var. Suenket) in greenhouse. The highest mean density observed was 57.1 nymphs per sapling. The relative degree of aggregation (m*/m) was high during the low population density period when D. citri was just introduced into greenhouse, and declined as the population density increased. This figure tended to be stable when the insect has been introduced into greenhouse for more than 2 months. The m*-m relationship in nymphal and adult populations were expressed as m*=3.86+2.83m, and m*=5.86+1.33m, respectively. Both nymph and adult aggregated to form colonies as distribution units and the units with random inntra-colony distribution distributed contagiously. The colony area ranged from 1 to 4 saplings. Naturally occurring D. citri in field had m*-m relationship as m*=0.73+2.46m for nymph and m*=0.76+2.23m for adult. Both nymph and adult had smaller unit colonies in field than in greenhouse. The distribution of nymph and adult in field had similar aggregation tendency. The colony area in field was approximately 1-2 branches.本試驗於民國68年冬季至70年夏季在臺灣省農業試驗所溫室及田間進行，將40隻第4或第5齡木蝨（Diaphorina citri Kuwayama）幼蟲放飼於溫室內240株盆栽之酸橘（Citrus reticulata var. Suenket）苗上，任其繁衍，所得幼蟲最高密度為每株57.1隻。相對聚集度在木蝨剛開始繁衍密度尚低時很高，共後則隨族草之增長而降低，經2個月後趨於穩定。幼蟲與成蟲之m*-m關係可分別以m*= 3.86 + 2.83m 與 m*= 5.86 + 1.33m表示，幼蟲與成蟲均聚集成群落以為分布之單位，單位內之個體為逢機分布，單位之間為聚集性之分布。每一單位所占區域約為1~4苗木。 田間柑橘園內自然發生木蝨之棲群密度較溫室為低，且變化較大，其m*-m關係式在幼蟲為：m*= 0.73 + 2.46m，成蟲：m*= 0.76 + 2.23m。幼蟲及成蟲分布之單位均較溫室內者為小，此二時期之個體在田間分布之聚集性相似，分布單位所占之區域約為1~2分枝