(30(2):121-131)The relationship between anther browning and callus formation in tobacco rice and asparagus anther culture

利用菸草、水稻及蘆筍三種主要作物的花葯培養，調查花葯癒傷組織的形成與培養花葯褐化間的關係，發現菸草及水稻，培養花葯過早褐變會降低癒傷組織形成的能力，兩種作物均顯示在培養第4週以後才褐化的花葯，所具有誘導癒傷組織或胚狀體形成的能力最高。秈稉稻雜種的花葯，培養後褐變的早晚，各雜交組合間亦呈褐變早者癒傷組織形成能力低，褐變晚者癒傷組織形成能力高的趨勢。蘆筍的花葯會在培養後第2-3週問轉變成褐色或白色，資料顯示花葯的褐變與癒傷組織的形成有明顯的正相關（相關係數r = 0.804 **，白化的花葯幾乎不具有形成癒傷組織的能力。花葯早期褐變所導致癒傷組織形成能力的低下，可能係酚類物質（phenolic compound）氧化所生之qulnone產生毒害，不利於小胞子發育形成癒傷組織所致。蘆筍培養第3週後褐化之花葯形成癒傷組織之能力較高，其原因可能為蘆筍花葯癒傷組織的形成在培養後2-3週間。白化之花葯可能係已死亡或活力減低之花葯變色所致。The relationship between anther browning and the ability of callus formation in three major crops was studied by using anther culture techniques. In rice and tobacco, it was found that earlier anther browning was associated with low ability of callus induction. Anthers turned brown about 4 weeks in culture showed the highest ability of callus or embryoid formation. Similar result was obtained in the culture of F1 anthers from six cross combinations of japonica × indica rices. In asparagus, the color of anthers turned to brown or white after 3 weeks in culture. There was a positive correlation between anther browning and callus formation (r=0.804**). Callus was hardly induced from anthers with a white-color appearance. For rice and tobacco, the low callus formation ability caused by anther browning at early stage was probably due to the production of quinones which are toxic to the microspores. The callus induction of asparagus was first appeared on anthers having been cultured for 3 weeks. This phenomenon was considered the main reason why browned anthers were able to produce callus with high freguency. On the other hand, white color might indicate low viability or even death of anthers during culture and hence low ability of callus formation