(45(1):89-104)抗藥性小菜蛾及其他十字花科蔬菜害蟲之管理

Resistant diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) was managed by insecticide alternation of organophosphorus insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) and cartap to avoid cross resistance. The rationale of insecticide selection was discussed in detail. Other pests were also considered in the design of the implementation program. In this implementation program, several counter measures were taken for removing the constraints, including pesticide dependency, misuse of pesticide, marketing competition, etc. After 3-year test (1990—93), the evaluation indicated a 16.7% increase in crop income, 35% saving in insecticide expenditure, lengthening the spray interval by 2.1 days (from 5.7 days to 7.8 days ), and 1.6 insecticides reduction (from 4.4 to 2.8 insecticides) per tank mixture.十字花科蔬菜重要害蟲，小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L.），因抗藥性問題而難以防治，經究明其抗藥性及藥劑間之交互抗性關係，確定應該避免使用易為多功能氧化酵素（MFO）分解之對象藥劑如氨基甲酸鹽、合成除蟲菊精及昆蟲生長調節劑等，而採用培丹、蘇力菌及抗性不穩定之有機磷類，如美文松、亞特松及滅大松，輪流使用，即可達到防治並消除抗性干擾之目的。工作中並將十字花科蔬菜其他重要害蟲，如大型鱗翅目害蟲、黃條葉蚤、潛蠅及蚜蟲等之防治藥劑一併考慮，而提出解決抗藥性小菜蛾及其他害蟲用藥之說明及範例，供農民使用。經過三年田間之示範，並評估29個參加農會之192名參試農民，結果顯示此一綜合防治用藥較農民慣用技術平均可減少35％農藥支出；噴藥間隔可由5.7天延長為7.8天；藥劑之混合使用由4.4種減至2.8種；而蔬菜農友之收入也增加了16.7％，因而此一防治策略及技術已被納入正規推廣系統，成為本省十字花科蔬菜害蟲之藥劑防治規範