(53(2):97-110) Evaluation and Genetic Relationship Analysis by RAPD on Oriental Plum Germplasm

台灣栽培的李 (P. salicina L.) 品種冬季休眠所需的低溫時數少，為世界上重要的低需冷性李種原基因庫。經過詳細的特性評估，顯示部分品種特性優異，如“黃肉李＂、“黃柑李＂具有獨特的香氣，“黑桃李＂、“黑紫李＂及“水李＂的果皮不帶澀味，皆為育成高品質李的良好親木。利用RAPD技術對30個國內外李品種進行遺傳相似度分析，篩選出30條隨機引子共擴增224條條帶其中多態性條帶190條占84.8％。群集分析結，30個參試品種遺傳相似度係數介於0.32-0.94之間，共分為九群。其中台彎22個李品種介於0.60-0.94，分為4群，顯示變異性高。第七群次亞群中“冬山沙連李＂、“頭斑李＂及“沙連李＂的遺傳相似度係數達0.94，為試驗品種中親緣關係最接近者。觀賞李 (P. pissardi) 與其他品種的親緣關係的遺傳相似度係數僅為0.32，親緣關係最遠。Taiwan local plums are adapted to subtropical climates with a low cu winter and become the important low chill plum genepool in the world. Varisties “Huang jou” and “Huang kan” have a distinct aroma, and “Hei tao”, “Hei tzyy”, and “Shui li” have sweet skin (non-astringent). All of them are valuable parents for low chill plum breeding. The genetic relationships of 30 plum cultivars were analyzed by using RAPD markers. A total of 320 primers were screened for their ability to produce strongly amplified products. Out of 30 primers amplified 224 DNA bands, 190 of which were polymorphic (84.8%). A dendrogram based on the UPGMA cluster analysis was constructed. All tested plum cultivars were divided into nine groups, including 4 groups of local varieties. Varisties “Tung shan sha lien”, “Sha lien” and “Tou pan” had 94% similarity indexes, indicating that they have the closest genetic relationship. Nevertheless, variety P. pissardi has the farest genetic relationship with other tested plum variety due to only 32% similarity indexes among them