(56(3):153-164)Studies on Small Model Area-wide Control of the Oriental Fruit Fly for Wax Apple in Taiwan

「區域防治」理論發展多年，在蟲害防治上亦有許多成功的案例，但鮮少針對其必要條件有明確的定義。本研究透過實際之測試驗證「區域防治」理論在小面積防治東方果實蠅(Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))的可行性，並探討「區域防治」可行的必要條件。經在嘉義縣梅山鄉圳南村200公頃之蓮霧果園進行兩年的測試，發現在經濟利益的誘因下，透過具有相同目標的防治組織，運用甲基丁香油誘如、含毒食物誘餌滅雌及清園等防治措施，結合空照圖與3D虛擬軟體之高科技技術規劃田間果實蠅監測點，並隨時主動調整策略，可將果實蠅密度降低50%以上。2005及2006年測試區之整體收益較2004年增加402萬及945萬台幣。2007年進行之問卷調查顯示，農民對於「區域防治」策略應用及成果十分肯定，深覺可有效減少用藥及增加收益。此項田間測試證實，只要具備健全的農民組織、完善的規劃及有效的防治技術，東方果實蠅小面積區域防治確屬可行，相關的經驗模式與內容可供擬進行區域防治之鄉鎮參考。The area-wide (AW) control of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), OFF) was tested, using the conditions defined by Lindquist, in Juan-Nan area of Mei-Shan township, Chia-Yi county, where wax apple is the major crop with significant economical importance. Growers in this area show a common interest in wax apple production, hence are highly cooperative in managing the fruit fly population. All available OFF control techniques have been utilized, e.g., methyl eugenol bait for male annihilation; protein bait for female fly control; bagging of the fruits; and thorough field sanitation in all wax apple orchards. A well organized OFF density monitoring program was established with 12 monitoring sites, which covered 500 ha testing area. By using 3D aero-photos display system, control planning and farmer education were conducted under the AW control scheme. In two years of AW control practice, the OFF population droped below the economic threshold and fruit production was in excellent quality with a financial gain of NT$ 4 million ($122,000) in 2005. In 2006, the OFF population density was further reduced 50% from that of 2005, and the estimated economic gain on fruit value combining with the saving of pest control cost exceeded NT$ 9 million ($286,000). The evaluation of the AW control program also included a survry of farmers’ inputs, which concluded a score of 4.0 in the scale of 1 to 5. The control practice covering 500 ha was considered small in the AW control model for OFF, as if did not have any buffer zone established. Despite the high mobility of OFF, no serious re-invasion problem from the adjacent area occurred due to the scarcity of alternative hosts in that area. This study, though confirmed the AW control requirements as proposed by Lindquist, recommends the requirements supplemented with such additional elements as effective control tactics, continuous farmer education, new and available technologies