Report of a research on spatial characteristics in German and Netherlands pre WWII currently living housing estates

In Europe, population concentration to cities caused the housing problem since the 19th century. To deal with housing shortage, in Germany and the Netherlands many housing estates were built in the early 20th century. In addition, so many housing estates were also built after WWII. However, compared with the post-war housing estates, very few of these pre-war housing estates must be refurbished or rebuilt. Through the early planning and development of housing estates, in order to make residents’ lives lively, it seems that various ideas and efforts have been made. It will be suggested that the result is a part of the reason that most of pre-war housing estates have not needed regenerations. By exploration of pre-war housing estates’ spatial characteristics, some features which will be effective for restructuring of postwar housing estates could be found