Alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation procedure: CBCT linear analysis in non-human primate model

2014-09-12Aim: The aims of the present study were to: 1) Investigate dimensional changes to the alveolar bone following tooth extraction in the non-human primate model using serial CBCT studies, and 2) Examine the efficacy of two novel devices, SocketKAP™ and SocketKAGE™, for ridge preservation and augmentation procedures following tooth extraction in intact sockets and in sockets with large facial/buccal wall bony defects. ❧ Material & Methods: Six 8-12 year old Macaca fascicularis had 6 teeth each (incisors, premolars or molars) removed, 3 with intact socket walls and 3 with large facial dehiscence defects. In each animal, Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral (ABBM), non-resorbable SocketKAP™ and resorbable SocketKAGE™ devices were used for the following intervention groups: ❧ Group A: Intact Socket Unfilled and Uncovered (Negative Control) ❧ Group B: Intact Socket, the orifice of which was sealed with SocketKAP™ ❧ Group C: Intact Socket Filled with ABBM and covered with SocketKAP™ ❧ Group D: Facial Dehiscence Socket Unfilled and Uncovered (Negative Control) ❧ Group E: Facial Dehiscence Socket reconstructed with SocketKAGE™ and covered with SocketKAP™ ❧ Group F: Facial Dehiscence Socket reconstructed with SocketKAGE™, ABBM and Covered with SocketKAP™ ❧ At four weeks, SocketKAP™, which had been sutured in place was removed from all sockets. At pre-op, as well as 6 and 12 weeks post-extraction, CBCT imaging was performed and used for measurement of socket width and height at multiple points. ❧ Results: Without therapeutic intervention, intact sockets exhibited significant reduction in width at the crestal 2 mm of the ridge crest within 6 weeks. Compared with the negative control sites which lost up to 81% of crestal bone width, sites treated with SocketKAP™ + ABBM lost at most 15% of bone width at the crestal 2 mm. Similar results were seen in the dehiscence groups, with the combination of SocketKAP™ + SocketKAGE™ + ABBM maintaining the greatest socket width and height dimensions compared to the other two cohorts. ❧ Conclusions: Results from the current non-human primate study suggest that the SocketKAP™ and SocketKAGE™ devices, when used in conjunction with xenograft proved effective in minimizing post-extraction socket width loss and height seen in both intact sockets and sockets with facial dehiscence defects