The righteousness of God in Romans: A study in Paul\u27s use of Jewish tradition

A history of exegesis on Romans reveals a number of interpretive options for the phrase dikaiosyne theou. Among the more time-honored definitions are the following: God\u27s distributive justice, God\u27s gift of righteousness to the believer, and God\u27s creative power to save humans. The debate was renewed with vigor in the twentieth century when Ernst Kasemann challenged the prevailing Protestant view of God\u27s righteousness as that gift by which humans are acquitted before the standard of God\u27s justice. Interpreters of Romans since the Kasemann \u27revolution\u27 continue to debate the options. Overlooked in the discussion has been a detailed investigation of the Jewish scriptural traditions that are quoted or echoed in the five \u27righteousness of God\u27 texts in Romans (1:16-17; 3:1-8; 3:21-26; 9:14-18; 10:1-4). The way Paul used scripture reveals a decided lack of interest in what has preoccupied centuries of biblical scholarship on Romans, namely, the construction of a soteriological theory (the question of how God saves). Rather, it appears that Paul used scripture to address the social/cultural issues of soteric domain (whom God saves). According to Paul, scripture proved that God\u27s righteousness was God\u27s salvation of the faithful person qua faithful, and not simply the Jewish faithful person. Jewishness, as established by certain cultural rites like circumcision, was not a necessary condition for being among the saved. The paradigm for God\u27s righteousness as a reward for faithfulness was Jesus, whose resurrection stood for God\u27s vindication of the faithful person (Jesus) and the subsequent disqualification of those who according to Paul were guilty of rejecting him, unfaithful Jews. The resurrection thus re-categorized humankind into faithful and unfaithful, challenging the older classification of Jew and pagan. God\u27s righteousness in Romans cannot be abstracted from the missionary agenda of the more liberal wing of early Christianity, whose open inclusion of Gentiles in the church challenged the symbolic universe of Jewish Christianity. The \u27doctrine\u27 of God\u27s righteousness was the ideological superstructure of what beneath constituted the social emergence of Christianity into a full-blown sect outside of Judaism