DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATIONS OF THE BALKAN YEARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN LIGHT OF THE SELECTED NEWSPAPERS

POVZETEK Po prvi svetovni vojni se je politična karta Balkana precej spremenila, posledično tudi tamkajšnje življenje. Vse to je zahtevalo določene spremembe v delovanju balkanskih držav. Svoje interese na Balkanu so uveljavljale tudi Francija, Velika Britanija in Italija. Balkanske države so z dogovori iskale rešitev za mirno reševanje medsebojnih odnosov. Tako je po dolgotrajnih dogovorih in raznih medsebojnih bilateralnih pogodbah leta 1934 v Atenah prišlo do podpisa Balkanskega pakta med Kraljevino Jugoslavijo, Kraljevino Romunijo, Republiko Grčijo in Republiko Turčijo. Glavni namen pakta je bil zavarovati se pred imperialistično politiko Italije in ozemeljskimi zahtevami Bolgarije, podpisnice pa so se tudi obvezale, da bodo končale medsebojne ozemeljske zahteve. V vmesnem času, od konca prve svetovne vojne do podpisa Balkanskega pakta, so morale biti balkanske države diplomatsko zelo spretne, da so ohranjale svojo samostojnost in ostajale v miru. Svetovne sile so namreč z vsemogočimi podtikanji raznih incidentov in z denarno pomočjo imele vpliv na posamezne politike in državnike. Da je bilo zanimanje za Balkan veliko, se da sklepati tudi iz časopisov, ki so povzemali mnenja in članke po svetovnem tisku. Po podpisu Balkanskega pakta, ki je prinesel nekatere ekonomske rešitve za države podpisnice, je ostal grenak priokus, saj politično perečih vprašanj z Balkanskim paktom niso rešili. Albanija in Bolgarija nista podpisali pogodb, Albanija je ostala pod vplivom Italije, Bolgarija pa s svojimi sosedami ni rešila vprašanj o manjšinah in mejah.ABSTRACT After the First World War, the political map of the Balkans changed significantly, and hence the local life. This required certain changes in the functioning of the Balkan countries. France, Great Britain and Italy had also promoted their interests in the Balkans. The Balkan countries have agreed to find a solution for the peaceful settlement of mutual relations. Finally, in 1934 in Athens, the long-term discussions and various bilateral mutual agreements led to the signing of the Balkan Pact between the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Kingdom of Romania, the Republic of Greece and the Republic of Turkey. The main purpose of the pact was to protect the states signatories against the Italian imperialist policy and Bulgarian territorial requirements. The parties to the treaties also committed to end their mutual territorial claims. In the meantime, since the end of the First World War until the signing of the Balkan Pact, the Balkan countries needed to be very diplomatically skillful to maintain their independence and keep the peace. The global forces did their best with the insinuations of various incidents and financial impacts on the individual politicians and statesmen. As apparent from the newspapers, the Balkans was certainly the place of great interest, which summarized the opinions and articles from the world press. After the signing the Balkan Pact, which has brought some economic solutions for the states signatories, was somehow disappointing, as the political issues at stake with the Balkan Pact were left unsolved. Albania and Bulgaria did not sign the contracts. Albania remained under the influence of Italy, and Bulgaria, however, did not solve the issues of minorities and borders with their neighboring countries