POETICS OF SHORT STORY BY MOJCA KUMERDEJ

V pričujočem diplomskem delu sem s pomočjo literarnoteoretičnih ter literarnozgodovinskih dognanj znanstvenikov proučevala kratkoprozni deli Fragma in Temna snov sodobne slovenske avtorice Mojce Kumerdej. V teoretičnem uvodu sem se na kratko posvetila obdobju, v katerem ustvarja pisateljica. Ugotovila sem, da gre za obdobje slovenske postmoderne. Pri analizi tega obdobja sem se oprla na spoznanja Janka Kosa, ki trdi, da slovenska literarna postmoderna nastopi po slovenski moderni, in sicer leta 1970. To je literarno obdobje, ki združuje tudi nasprotujoče si smeri: neorealizem, postsimbolizem, neodekadenca, modernizem, eksistencializem, magični realizem in postmodernizem. Slovensko literarno postmoderno imenujemo tudi obdobje »avtopoetik«, saj v tem obdobju avtorji nimajo predpisanih nikakršnih vzorcev, v izbiri literarnih usmeritev se odločajo individualno. Bistvene značilnosti slovenske literarne postmoderne so raznolikost, sinkretično povezovanje različnih prvin, vpliv globalizacije (preseganje določenih literarnih smeri in tokov), avtopoetika, estetski pluralizem, razmah trivialne in žanrske literature, ki se lahko približa »visoki«. Obravnavana avtorica sodi v neorealistično smer, ki je najbolj izrazita prav v kratki prozi. Za ta tip besedil je značilno čim bolj realno predstavljanje stvarnosti. Snovno-tematsko sodi v takšna besedila prikazovanje avtentične podobe družbe, socialne stvarnosti, narave in vsakdanjega življenja. Ena izmed osrednjih tem je ljubezen. Osrednji predmet diplomskega dela sta kratkoprozni zbirki Fragma (2003) in Temna snov (2011). Zbirka Fragma je sestavljena iz trinajstih zgodb, kjer so v ospredju na videz običajni posamezniki, a pod zunanjostjo se v teh akterjih skriva »fragma«, ki je zapredek nečesa. Nezavedna se nahaja v ljudeh in se v najboljšem primeru pretvori v nekaj ustvarjalnega (Ljubezen je energija) ali pa poči in vodi v destruktivna, zločinska dejanja (detomor, samomor, sadomazohizem in druge patološkosti). V zbirki Temna snov že sam naslov zbirke najbolje označuje enajst sicer heterogenih zgodb. Kumerdejeva pravi, da bi naj poleg le nekaj odstotkov vidne snovi v vesolju obstajala temna, nam nevidna, nezaznavna snov, in pa temna energija (Petrič 2011). Tako se avtorica skozi preigravanja številnih identitet loteva teh skritih, temnih vsebin človeka. Osrednje teme te zbirke so posameznikove osebne travme, zločini, spolne zlorabe, materializem. Jezik je v obeh zbirkah nezahteven, komunikativen, zaznamovan s pogovornimi in slengovskimi izrazi. V diplomski nalogi sem se posvetila tudi ženskim likom v kratki prozi Mojce Kumerdej. V obeh zbirkah (Fragma, Temna snov) se ženske pojavljajo v različnih vlogah, in sicer v vlogi matere, usodne ženske, emancipiranke, poročene ženske, morilke in prijateljice. Za kratko prozo Mojce Kumerdej so značilne močne, samozavestne, zapeljive in neodvisne ženske. Vse junakinje so odločne in predane svojim ciljem. Niso zgolj igračke v rokah moških, ampak si same krojijo svojo usodo. Mojca Kumerdej se s svojim kratkoproznim opusom nedvomno uvršča med najkakovostnejše slovenske neorealistične avtorice. A slovenska literarna kritika in zgodovina slovenskim ženskim literarnim ustvarjalkam še zmeraj ne namenjata dovolj pozornosti in ne cenita dosežkov, za katere so zaslužne.In the present thesis I studied short stories Fragma and Dark Matter of a contemporary Slovene writer Mojca Kumerdej with the help of scientific discoveries of literary theory and literary history. In theoretical introduction I briefly focused on the period in which the authoress writes. I found out this is the period of Slovene postmodernism. When analysing the period I relied on the discoveries of Janko Kos. He claims that Slovene postmodernism follows Slovene modernism in 1970. This is a literary period which combines many even contradictory movements: neo-realism, post symbolism, neo-decadence, modernism, existentialism, magic realism and postmodernism. Slovene postmodernism is also known as a period of autopoetics, since writers have no patterns set, they choose their literary standpoint individually. The main characteristics of Slovene postmodernism are diversity, syncretism in combining various elements, influence of globalisation (exceeding certain literary movements and currents), autopoetics, aesthetic pluralism and boom of trivial literature and genre fiction, which can draw near “high” literature. The discussed authoress is a neorealist writerneorealism is particularly prominent in short stories. Characteristic of this genre is a very realistic depiction of reality. Subject matter and theme of these texts are depiction of authentic image of society, social reality, nature and everyday life. One of the central themes is love. The main objects of the thesis are collections of short stories Fragma (2003) and Dark Matter (2011). Fragma is a collection of thirteen short stories about apparently ordinary individuals. Yet under the surface of these characters is hidden “fragma”, which is a sort of a cocoon. Unconscious it is found in people and in the best case it transforms into something creative (Love is energy) or it explodes and leads into destructive, criminal acts (infanticide, suicide, sadomasochism and other deviations). The titles itself the best describes eleven heterogeneous stories in the collection Dark Matter. Kumerdej says that along with a few percentage of a visible matter there exists in the universe a dark, invisible, imperceptible matter and dark energy (Petrič 2011). The authoress thus by playing numerous identities tackles hidden and dark contents of human being. Central themes of the collection are individual\u27s personal trauma, crimes, sexual abuses and materialism. In both collections language is not demanding but communicative, marked with colloquialisms and slang. In the thesis I also focused on female characters in short stories of Mojca Kumerdej. In both collections (Fragma, Dark Matter) women appear in different roles, in the role of the mother, femme fatale, emancipated woman, married woman, murderer and friend. Strong, self-confident, seductive and independent women are characteristic of Kumerdej\u27s short stories. We don\u27t deal with weak and insecure women. All heroines are determined and dedicated to their goals. They are not just toys in men\u27s handsthey are in control of their own destiny. Mojca Kumerdej is undoubtedly to be placed among the best Slovene neo-realistic authors with her collected works of short stories. Yet a Slovene literary criticism and history don\u27t give enough attention to Slovene female literary authors and don\u27t value the achievements, for which they take the credit