SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS WITH BALLOONS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

Diplomsko delo sega na področje naravoslovja. Obravnava fizikalne vsebine, ki jih lahko s preprostimi eksperimenti z baloni dodatno popestrimo v osnovni šoli. Predstavljeni eksperimenti so primerni za razredno stopnjo osnovne šole. Diplomsko delo je praktične narave in je namenjeno učiteljem na razredni stopnji kot možno dodatno gradivo pri njihovem delu. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičnega in praktičnega dela. V teoretičnem delu je zajetih nekaj osnov o naravoslovju kot učnem predmetu na splošno, pomembnost eksperimentalnega dela pri pouku naravoslovja, nekaj osnov o balonih, igrah z njimi in nekaj zanimivosti o njih. Dodane so tudi fizikalne vsebine, ki nas spremljajo pri praktičnem delu. V praktičnem delu so predstavljeni izvedeni fizikalni eksperimenti, s katerimi želimo prikazati, kako lahko marsikatero učno vsebino pri pouku naravoslovja prikažemo na zanimivejši način s pomočjo eksperimentov. Fizikalni eksperimenti so urejeni po področjih, za vsak eksperiment je predstavljeno fizikalno ozadje in natančno je opisana njihova izvedba ter potrebni pripomočki, ki smo jih uporabili pri izvedbi le-teh. Na koncu so podane ugotovitve, do katerih pridemo s poskusi, dodali pa smo še nekaj didaktičnih priporočil za delo v šoli. Predvsem so izpostavljeni deli izvedbe eksperimentov, kjer je potrebno paziti na določene faze izvedbe, in poudarjene so možnosti za doseganje boljše izvedbe pouka, ki so se izkazale za uspešne v primeru naše izvedbe.The thesis extends to the field of natural science. It discusses physical contents which can be additionally enriched using balloon experiments in the elementary school. The presented experiments are suitable for class level elementary school. The thesis is of practical nature and is primarily intended for teachers at the elementary level as a possible additional material to help them with their work. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part covers some of the basics of natural science in general as a school subject, the importance of experimental work in teaching natural science, some of the basics of balloons, games with balloons, and some interesting facts about them. Physical contents which accompany us during the practical work were also added. The physical experiments that were carried out are presented in the practical part and we use them to show how many of the natural science school contents can be presented in a more interesting way through experiments. Physical science experiments are organized according to their field, for each experiment a physical background is presented and its execution and the necessary utensils used in the execution of the experiments are described in detail. In the end, findings of the experiments are presented and we also added some didactic recommendations. We especially emphasized those parts of the execution of the experiments where it is necessary to pay attention to certain stages of execution and we also highlighted the potential for achieving better class performances