CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SLOVENIAN AND FOREIGN STUDY PROGRAMMES ENABLING THE DIPLOMA HOLDERS TO PERFORM NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS\u27 HOMES AND IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Teoretična izhodišča: Zaradi demografskih in družbenih sprememb ter sprememb na drugih ravneh zdravstvenega varstva se intenzivnost in zahtevnost obravnave pacientov v domačem okolju povečujeta. Diplomirane medicinske sestre, ki izvajajo zdravstveno nego na domu in v lokalni skupnosti, bodo morale okrepiti preventivno delovanje in dejavno prispevati k zmanjševanju neenakosti v zdravju. Prevzeti bodo morale tudi nekatere nove (stare) vloge, saj imajo pomembno vlogo pri doseganju ciljev v resolucijah in nacionalnih programih, sprejetih v preteklih letih v Republiki Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za zdravje RS je v Resoluciji o nacionalnem planu zdravstvenega varstva 2016-2025 "Skupaj za družbo zdravja" predvidelo tudi nadgradnjo in krepitev patronažne dejavnosti, čemur mora slediti tudi nadgradnja izobraževanja na področju zdravstvene nege na domu in v lokalni skupnosti. Namen: Namen specialističnega dela je bil podati osnutek predloga nadgradnje vsebin za izobraževanje na področju zdravstvene nege na domu in v lokalni skupnosti v prihodnje na dodiplomski in podiplomski ravni, a tudi za organiziranje vseživljenjskega izobraževanja. Metodologija: Pri izdelavi specialističnega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno in primerjalno metodo na osnovi pregleda literature. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da obstajajo številni dokumenti, v katerih so posebej opisane vsebine izobraževanja za diplomirane medicinske sestre na visokošolskem strokovnem študijskem programu prve stopnje Zdravstvena nega za izvajanje zdravstvene nege na domu in v lokalni skupnosti. Po pregledu učnih načrtov petih visokošolskih zavodov in predmetnikov vseh osmih visokošolskih zavodov smo s primerjavo ugotovili, da obstajajo razlike v številu ur, ECTS, temeljni in dodatni literaturi ter nekaterih vsebinah izobraževanja. Izobraževanje za diplomirane medicinske sestre, ki izvajajo zdravstveno nego na domu in v lokalni skupnosti v Sloveniji, ne sledi v celoti zahtevam, ki jih patronažnemu varstvu nalagajo dokumenti, sprejeti na državni ravni. Pri primerjavi izobraževanja za diplomirane medicinske sestre, ki izvajajo zdravstveno nego na domu in v lokalni skupnosti v Sloveniji, z državami, kjer za izvajanje zdravstvene nege na domu in v lokalni skupnosti zadostuje dodiplomska izobrazba, ugotavljamo, da ni razlik med izobraževanjem za diplomirane medicinske sestre za izvajanje zdravstvene nege na domu in v lokalni skupnosti v Sloveniji in v tujini. Pri primerjavi z Združenim kraljestvom Velike Britanije in Severne Irske, Združenimi državami Amerike, Avstralijo in Irsko pa ugotavljamo, da razlike obstajajo, saj se v omenjenih državah za delo na tem področju zahteva podiplomsko izobraževanje. Sklep: Predlagamo, da se akreditira podiplomski študijski program za izpopolnjevanje Zdravstvena nega na domu in v lokalni skupnosti, ki bo oblikovan na osnovi predlaganih vsebin za nadgradnjo izobraževanja, ki smo jih oblikovali na podlagi pregleda literature. Ovrednoten naj bo s 60 ECTS točkami. Izvajalci programa ga lahko nadgradijo in dvignejo na višje ravni, 120 ECTS točk ali več. Študij na podiplomskem študijskem programu mora študente pripraviti za prihodnje vloge in odgovornosti z zagotavljanjem temeljnega znanja in spretnosti, ki jim bodo omogočale nadaljnji razvoj skozi vseživljenjsko učenje.Theoretical background: Due to the demographic and social changes and the changes occurring at all levels of healthcare, the contemporary society is facing unprecedented challenges also in the care of patients in their homes and the community. Adequate measures should be taken in the field of prevention and equal access to health care services. Community nurses are expected to resume their (former) roles in the implementation of the goals established and approved by in various resolutions and national programmes in the Republic of Slovenia in recent years. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia accepted a Resolution on the National Health Care Plan 2016–2025 ‘Together for a Healthy Society’ which envisions also the strengthening and upgrading the community care. In line with the above, adequate educational programmes for community nurses should be developed to train competent health professionals in order to meet a variety of health needs of patients in their homes and in the community. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to develop a framework for advanced and specialised educational programme in the field of community nursing at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and the organisation of lifelong learning in the field. Methods: A descriptive and comparative research methods were used, based on a literature review of domestic and foreign sources. Results: The evidence from this study shows that numerous published documents detail the course contents of nursing undergraduate study programmes upon completion of which the nurses may perform nursing care in patients’ homes and in the community. The analysis of the study programmes implemented in five higher educational institutions in Slovenia and the comparison of eight study programmes identified some differences in the number of contact hours, number of ECTS (credit points), obligatory and recommended literature and some study contents. The findings of the study also suggest that the education of nurses does not closely follow the requirements stipulated in the adopted national documents concerning community nursing. Furthermore, no significant differences were established between the undergraduate nursing study programmes, and the requirements to perform community nursing in patients’ homes and in the community in Slovenia and abroad. Some differences were, however, identified between the nursing programmes in Slovenia and community nursing study programmes in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Ireland where community nursing is a specialty covered by postgraduate study programmes. Conclusion: It is suggested that a postgraduate educational programme ‘Nursing care in patients’ home and community’ be accredited, which should be based on the proposed advanced contents and learning objectives, ensuing from the results of the study. The programme value may be 60 ECTS credit points which are gained for the total participation of students in various forms of active learning. If necessary or so desired, the programme can be further upgraded, valuing 120 or even more ECTS credit points. The ultimate goal of the programme is to enable the graduates for independent and autonomous performance of their professional roles and the commitment for sustainable professional development