The Changing Role of Armed Forces and their Military Powers in Europe during the Refugee Crisis

Diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko spreminjanja vlog oboroženih sil in njihovih pooblastil z ozirom na aktualno begunsko/migrantsko krizo, s katero se evropske države intenzivno soočajo od leta 2015, ter begunsko/migrantsko krizo v Sloveniji, Grčiji, Avstriji in Madžarski. Številni prihodi beguncev in migrantov so začeli ogrožati nacionalno varnost držav. Nenadna in nepričakovana množica ljudi je začela predstavljati grožnjo državnim mejam in prebivalcem držav, mogoče pa je bilo čutiti tudi pomanjkanje nadzora na mejah. Državni organi so bili primorani sprejeti odločitve, ki so bile nujno potrebne za zagotavljanje nacionalne varnosti. Migracije so posledica križnih žarišč, kot je večletna vojna v Siriji, ki je prepletena s kriznim žariščem v Iraku. Ljudje s teh območij so se odpravili na pot po balkanski poti, prek katere so želeli doseči ciljne države. Nemška kanclerka je s svojim javnim vabilom spodbudila nezakonite migracije in s tem odprla t. i. Pandorino skrinjico. Na problematiko migracij je prva vidneje opozorila Madžarska, ki se je odločila, da popolnoma zapre svoje meje, hkrati pa je dala vsem migrantom in beguncem vedeti, da je od tega trenutka naprej vsak nezakoniti prestop njihove meje kaznovan z zaporno kaznijo ter takojšnjo deportacijo. Za obvladovanje toka migrantov in beguncev so nekatere države vključevale tudi oborožene sile. Zanimalo nas je, kako je kriza vplivala na spreminjanje vojaških pooblastil v državah, ki so bile neposredno izpostavljene begunskemu valu. V ta namen smo izvedli študijo, v okviru katere smo se osredotočili na štiri izbrane države: Slovenijo, Madžarsko, Grčijo in Avstrijo. Ugotovili smo, da so v vseh državah sprejeli ukrepe, s katerimi so želeli zaščititi nacionalne interese. Slovenija, Madžarska in Avstrija so se odločile za zapiranje državnih mej ter napotitev oboroženih sil na mejna območja. Ker je kljub temu prihajalo do incidentov, so se države odločile, da sta najboljši rešitvi napotitev vojske na kritična območja in dodelitev novih pooblastil. Oborožene sile so prevzele izvajanje nekaterih policijskih pooblastil, ki so bila nujno potrebna za miritev toka in ohranjanje miru.The dissertation discusses the issue of changing the role of the armed forces and their powers, caused by refugee-migrant crisis in Slovenia, Hungary, Austria and Greece. Mass arrivals have begun to threaten the national security. Sudden and unexpected crowd of people began to threat national borders and their inhabitants. It was possible to feel lack of border controls. National authorities have been forced to take decisions that were necessary for national security. Illegal migration is a result from crisis hotspots such as the perennial war in Syria, which is intertwined with the crisis areas in Iraq. German Chancellor with her public invitation encouraged illegal migration and with that opened a Pandora\u27s box. Hungary was first country of the Schengen, or European passport-free zone, who decided to completely close its borders for the migrants who hope to travel further to Germany or elsewhere. Hungary also made clear that every illegal crossing will be punished by imprisonment and immediate deportation. We wanted to know how the crisis has affected the changing of military powers in the countries that were directly exposed to the wave of refugees. To this end, we conducted a study in which we focused on four selected countries. These countries are Slovenia, Hungary, Greece and Austria. We found that all countries have taken measures to protect their interests. Slovenia, Hungary and Austria have decided to close national borders and to deploy armed forces to the state borders. The police did not have the desired effect on people and because they wanted to avoid confrontations between them, they decided that the best solution in this situation is to deploy the army in the critical areas. Armed forces got new powers that were necessarily needed to maintain peace. Greece and has primarily focused on changing the asylum legislation