SYNTHESIS OF CROSS-LINKED POLY(4-VINYLPYRIDINE)

V diplomski nalogi smo pripravili porozne kopolimere 4-vinilpiridina zamrežene z divinilbenzenom s polimerizacijo kontinuirne faze emulzije z visokim deležem notranje faze. Tehniko emulzije z visokim deležem notranje faze smo izbrali zaradi tvorbe visoko poroznih polimernih materialov, ki jih lahko uporabimo v pretočnih tehnikah. Zanimalo nas je, ali lahko pripravimo naknadno zamrežen kopolimer s piridinskimi molekulami. Pri pripravi poroznih materialov smo spreminjali razmerje monomerov, vrsto in delež lipofilnih neionskih surfaktantov ter delež interne faze. Rezultat je bila stabilna emulzija, ki je po polimerizaciji v peči tvorila polimer z značilnimi makroporami. Z vrstično elektronsko mikroskopijo smo proučili morfologijo dobljenih polimerov. Pripravljene poliHIPE monolite smo naknadno zamrežili in s tem tvorili majhne povezovalne pore, s čimer smo povečali specifično površino materiala. Tako pripravljene polimere smo testirali v vlogi poroznega katalizatorja na reakciji esterifikacije. Želeli smo uporabiti prednosti HIPE polimerov za reakcije, v katerih je pomemben dodatek piridina. Zanimalo nas je, ali lahko uporabimo sintetiziran kopolimer za namene ločitve stranskega produkta od glavnega. S preprosto filtracijo bi odstranili polimer in se tako izognili zahtevnim oblikam ločevanja produktov. Med seboj smo primerjali osnoven polimer, polimer naknadno zamrežen v prahu in polimer naknadno zamrežen v kosu. Zanimalo nas je, ali hiperzamreženje poveča vlogo piridinskega polimera kot lovilca kisline pri reakciji estrenja.In this diploma thesis, we prepared porous copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine crosslinked with divinylbenzene by polymerizing the continuous phase of the emulsion with a high proportion of internal phase. The emulsion technique with a high proportion of internal phase was chosen due to the formation of highly porous polymeric materials, which can be applied in streaming techniques. We have been interested in whether we can prepare subsequently crosslinked copolymer with pyridine molecules. In preparing the porous materials, there was varying the ratio of monomers, the type and the proportion of lipophilic non-ionic surfactants, and the proportion of internal phase. The result was a stable emulsion, which after polymerizing in an oven formed a polymer with characteristic macropores. By line electron microscopy, we studied the morphology of obtained polymers. Prepared poliHIPE monoliths were subsequently crosslinked and thus formed small connecting pores, by which we increased the specific surface of the material. In this way prepared polymers were tested in the role of the porous catalyst in the esterification reaction. We wanted to apply the advantages of HIPE polymers for reactions in which there was a major addition of pyridine. We have been interested in whether we can use the synthesized copolymer for purposes of separating the byproduct from the main one. By simple filtration the polymer would be removed, and we could thus avoid the complex forms of separating products. We compared each other the basic polymer, the polymer subsequently crosslinked in powder, and the polymer subsequently crosslinked in a piece. We have been interested in whether the hyper-crosslinking increases the role of the polymer as an acid trap in the esterification reaction