INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTIVITY IN INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION AND MECHANISM FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

Z zgodovino se je pojem in obseg človekovih pravic razvijal in širil. Ta razvoj je mogoče spremljati skozi različne dokumente, ki segajo od srednjega veka, ko so se človekove pravice začele uveljavljati za širši krog prebivalstva. Dvajseto stoletje je ustvarilo velik premik na tem področju, tako na univerzalni, kot na regionalni ravni in vprašanje položaja posameznika v mednarodnem pravu je pridobivalo na pomenu. To je bilo obdobje kodifikacije mednarodnega prava, tudi tistega, ki se nanaša na varstvo človekovih pravic. Nastala je množica deklaracij in tudi zavezujočih mednarodnih pogodb. Organizacija združenih narodov je bila še posebej dejavna, saj je kot prva določila temeljni kodeks človekovih pravic na univerzalni ravni s Splošno deklaracijo o človekovih pravicah in temeljnih svoboščinah. Čeprav Deklaracija ni predvidevala nobenega mehanizma za nadzor nad izvajanjem njenih določb, je bila njena vsebina podlaga za kasnejše normativno urejanje področja človekovih pravic tudi izven OZN. Začel se je proces pravne evolucije, ki je postopoma spreminjal pravne rede in izboljšal možnost uveljavljanja človekovih pravic, hkrati pa je postalo to področje tudi področje mednarodne ureditve in ne le del ustav in zakonov posameznih držav. Z diplomskim delom predstavljam splošni pregled razvoja človekovih pravic, kako se je krepila vloga posameznika na tem področju mednarodnega prava in na koncu tudi, katera sredstva so posamezniku na voljo za uresničevanje pravic, ki izhajajo iz mednarodnih dokumentov.With history the concept and scope of human rights developed and expanded. This development can be monitored through various documents, ranging from the Middle Ages, when they started to enforce human rights to a wider population. The twentieth century has created a major shift in the field, both in the universal as at the regional level, and the question of the position of the individual in international law has gained in importance. This was the period of the codification of international law, including those relating to the protection of human rights. A multitude of the declarations and binding treaties had been established. The United Nations has been particularly active as it was the first that set the basic code of human rights at the universal level of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although the Declaration did not provide any mechanism for monitoring the implementation of its provisions, the contents were the basis for subsequent normative regulation of human rights outside the UN. The process of the legal evolution has started and is gradually changing legal systems and improving the possibilities of promoting human rights, while this area has become a field of international organization and not just part of the constitutions and laws of individual countries. The thesis represents a general overview of the development of human rights, how to strengthen the role of the individual in the field of international law and ultimately, what resources are available for the individual exercise of rights arising from international documents