IDENTIFICATION OF SOME IMPORTANT TECHNICAL POLYMERS BASED ON THEIR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Z raziskavami v sklopu diplomskega dela smo na osnovi njihovih fizikalno-kemijskih lastnosti identificirali različne polimere. Za njihovo preizkušanje smo uporabili različne laboratorijske metode: preizkus s segrevanjem in gorenjem, preizkus po Beilsteinu, preizkušanje topnosti v topilih in identifikacijo vzorca z infrardečo spektrometrijo. Z rezultati smo potrdili znano dejstvo, da so zgradbe enakih vrst polimerov med seboj podobne. Do manjših odstopanj v pričakovanih lastnostih je prihajalo le v primerih, ko so bili polimerom dodani različni aditivi, ki izboljšajo njihove lastnosti. Izvajali smo tudi kolonsko kromatografijo, ki je ena izmed metod ločevanja dveh ali več različnih polimerov. V našem primeru smo ločevali dva polimera. Najprej smo posneli njuna spektra. Nato smo oba polimera, raztopljena v ustreznih topilih, združili in posneli še spekter zmesi. Zmes smo spustili skozi kolono z omočenim silikagelom kot stacionarno fazo. Polimera sta se uspešno ločila, kar smo potrdili s posnetima spektroma obeh eluatov.The research was based on the physicochemical properties of various polymers. For their test, we used a variety of laboratory methods, such as examination by heating and burning, Beilstein test, testing the solubility in solvents and identification of the sample with infrared spectrometry. The results confirmed a known fact that structures of the same kinds of polymers are similar to each other. Minor variations in the expected properties were noticeable when various additives were added to the polymers to improve their properties. We have also carried out column chromatography, which is a method of separating two or more different polymers. In our case, we distinguished two polymers. First, we recorded their spectrum. Then, both polymers were dissolved in appropriate solvents and the spectrum of the mixture was combined and recorded. The mixture was passed through a column with the wetted silica gel as a stationary phase. Polymers were successfully separated, which was confirmed with recorded spectrum of both eluents