System of financing public institutions - homes for elderly with its resident\u27s funds

Aktualna demografska slika v Sloveniji in v večini gospodarsko razvitih držav kaže, da se v zadnjih letih močno povečuje delež starejših prebivalcev, pri čemer posledično narašča tudi delež takih, ki potrebujejo posebno nego in oskrbo v institucionalnih oblikah varstva v domovih za ostarele. Države se po nedavni finančni in gospodarski krizi soočajo s pomanjkanjem sredstev za zagotavljanje socialne in zdravstvene oskrbe v domovih za ostarele. V magistrski nalogi se v zvezi s socialno varnostjo posvečam vprašanju financiranja domov za ostarele, in sicer se osredotočam na tisti del financiranja, ki ga krije občina v imenu oskrbovancev, ki imajo premoženje, vendar jim le-to v času življenja ne prinaša dohodka, da bi si lahko plačali oskrbnino v domu za ostarele. Na primeru kritja stroškov oskrbe v domu za ostarele s strani občine podrobneje proučujem problematiko strukture proračuna občine in jo presojam z vidika usklajenosti porabe sredstev za pokrivanje stroškov oskrbe v domovih za ostarele in virov za njihovo financiranje. Kot vir financiranja za pokrivanje stroškov oskrbe, ki jih krije občina namesto oskrbovancev, občina pridobi nepremičnine oskrbovancev (stvarno premoženje). Omenjeni način financiranja presojam z vidika proračunskega poslovanja, predvsem proračunskih načel, kijih morajo občine upoštevati pri pripravi svojih proračunov. Poleg preverjanja upoštevanja predpisanih proračunskih načel v nalogi proučujem predvsem primernost navedenega načina poplačila oskrbnine s proračunskega vidika. Hkrati tudi presojam, ali je v primerih, ko država na nepremičnino vpiše zaznambo o prepovedi razpolaganja, Slovenija še lahko opredeljena kot socialna država. Z vpisom prepovedi razpolaganja z nepremičninami in njihovo kasnejšo (morebitno) prodajo, si namreč država želi zagotoviti povračilo stroškov, ki jih je imela s pokrivanjem oskrbe v domovih za ostarele za tiste oskrbovance, ki sami tega niso zmogli. Ukvarjam se z vprašanjem, ali se v takšnih primerih socialna pomoč ne spreminja v neke vrste socialno posojilo. Končne izsledke in opredelitve do tez naloge podajam v zadnjem poglavju naloge o sklepnih ugotovitvah.According to demographic movements in Slovenia and in many of economically developed countries, there has been, and still is, present a strong increase in the percentage of elderly citizens. In correlation to this, there is also an increase in the percentage of citizens in need of special care. Together with ageing of their populations, developed countries are also facing a lack of financial resources to ensure social and medical care for their citizens, which has become an even greater problem after economical and financial crisis in the last few years. That is why there is a question, whether today countries are still capable of meeting their basic tasks, such as ensuring social care for their citizens. In my master’s thesis, I am researching whether Slovenia is still a social state as it is stated in its constitution. In narrower aspect of Slovenia being a social state or not, I am addressing a segment of financing homes for the elderly. In this respect, I am researching the part of financing, which is covered by local community for those elderly citizens that are not capable to cover the costs by themselves. In more detail, I am researching the budget of local community and the balance between the costs of covering the institutional care and one of the sources for its financing. In the thesis, I am researching the source of financing, which is the real-estates that the elderly have given as a collateral in exchange for local community to cover their costs of institutional care. I am addressing the above-mentioned issues in the light of principles that have to be considered in the process of preparing the local community budget. In my thesis, I am researching whether some of these principles are being breached in local communities\u27 budgets. Besides checking which of the principles for preparing budgets are not being considered, I am also researching, if Slovenia is still being a social state, if it is demanding a real estate as security for covering the costs of institutional care for those elderly citizens that are not capable of covering these costs on their own. In this respect, I am researching, if social help (in our case: covering the costs of institutional care) is changing its nature from being social help to being a social loan. Local community can namely sell the person\u27s property (which has been given as security for covering the costs) after the citizen has died and thus cover the costs for institutional care. In this respect, that would make social help a social loan that has to be repaid eventually