CORRELATION BETWEEN RELIGIOSITY AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS HOMOSEXUALITY IN SERBIA

V vseh družbah sveta so bili in so še vedno prisotni pripadniki lezbičnih, gejevskih, biseksualnih in transseksualnih (LGBT) skupin, same družbe in posamezniki pa se na pojav različno odzivajo. Homofobija pomeni nestrinjanje, nesprejemanje in odpor do homoseksualcev, ki lahko vodi v različne oblike nasilja in diskriminacijo le-teh. Glavni cilj diplomske naloge je ugotoviti, ali obstaja povezava med religioznostjo (pravoslavjem) in stališči o homoseksualnosti v Srbiji ali z drugimi besedami, ali religioznost vpliva na nastajanje in ohranjanje homofobije v Srbiji. Prva naloga dela je teoretično predstaviti definicijo, funkcijo in pomen človekovih pravic v nasprotju s homofobijo. Opisano je splošno stanje, življenje in pravna ureditev položaja LGBT skupin v Srbiji in hkrati predstavljen odnos vodilne religijske organizacije – Srpske pravoslavne cerkve (SPC) do le-teh. Teoretični del diplomske naloge je zaključen s pregledom dosedanjih raziskav o povezanosti religioznosti in stališč o homoseksualnosti. Druga naloga dela je empirična raziskava, v kateri smo z analizo anketnega vprašalnika preverjali hipoteze, ki se nanašajo na vprašanje povezanosti religioznosti s stališči o homoseksualnosti. Rezultati so pokazali, da obstaja povezava med religioznostjo in stališči o homoseksualnosti, saj tisti, ki so bolj religiozni imajo tudi bolj homofobična stališča. Vendar pa je potrebno opozoriti, da na nastanek in ohranjanje homofobije v Srbiji ne vpliva samo religioznost, temveč več medsebojno zelo povezanih dejavnikov, kot so tudi tradicionalnost, splošna prepričanja o spolnih vlogah, nacionalizem, »strah pred Zahodom«, standardi »normalnosti«, itd.Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual (LGBT) groups have been present in all societies of the world, however these societies and individuals respond to this phenomenon very differently. Homophobia means disagreement, non-acceptance and dislike towards homosexuals, which can lead to various forms of violence and discrimination against them. The main objective of this thesis is to determine, whether there is a connection between religiosity (Orthodoxy) and views about homosexuality in Serbia or in other words, whether religiosity affects the formation and preservation of homophobia in Serbia. The first task of the thesis is to represent theoretic definition, function and the importance of human right in contrast to homophobia. It describes the general situation, life and legal regulation of the position of LGBT communities in Serbia and the relationship of the leading religious organization – Serbian Orthodox Church – towards them. The theoretical part of the thesis is completed with a review of previous research on the relationship between religiosity and attitudes regarding homosexuality. The second task of the thesis is empirical research, in which we analyzed a questionnaire to verify the hypotheses relating to the issue of connection of religiosity and views on homosexuality. The results showed that there is a link between religiosity and views on homosexuality, since those people who are more religious possess also more homophobic views. However it should be noted that the formation and preservation of homophobia in Serbia is not affected only by religiosity, but also by several closely connected factors, such as the tradition, general beliefs about gender roles, nationalism, »the fear of the West, standards of »normality«, etc