THE PROBLEMS OF BANK FINANCING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES AS A RESULT OF THE CREDIT CRUNCH OF BANKS

Z letom 2007 se je pričela svetovna finančna kriza, ki je prizadela tudi slovensko gospodarstvo in posledično MSP. Rezultati finančne krize so se odražali predvsem na podlagi dogajanj na svetovnem finančnem trgu, kjer je sledil kreditni krč bančnega sistema. Republika Slovenija in Banka Slovenije sta sprejeli vrsto ukrepov z namenom omejitve negativnih posledic kreditnega krča, ki je podaljševal slabo gospodarsko aktivnost. V ta namen se je poskušalo vzpostavljati normalne pogoje za financiranje podjetij preko bank. V nalogi smo predstavili finančno analizo podjetij in problematiko skrčene aktivnosti bank ter njihov vpliv na MSP. Prav tako smo opredelili kreditno tveganje v obdobju finančne krize ter predstavili ukrepe politike za sanacijo bančnega sistema. V empiričnem delu naloge smo analizirali kreditiranje MSP v slovenskem bančnem sistemu, kjer smo ugotovili, da so se deleži bančnih virov v MPS s pričetkom krize nenehno zmanjševali, kjer je bilo rast možno zaznati šele v letu 2014. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da je bilo sredi finančne krize vloženih več zahtev za bančno financiranje, odobritev le-teh s strani bank pa je bilo hkrati veliko uspešnejše.In 2007, the global financial crisis started, also affecting the Slovenian economy and consequently SMEs. The financial crisis above all affected the global financial market, with the banking system suffering from the credit crunch. The Republic of Slovenia and Bank of Slovenia adopted a number of measures with the purpose of reducing the negative impact of the credit crunch, which was prolonging the period of weak economic activity. One of the measures was reestablishing normal financing conditions for companies. This thesis provides a financial analysis of companies, and presents the problem of reduced bank activity and its impact on SMEs. We also determined the credit risk during the financial crisis, and presented the government measures for the recovery of the banking system. In the empirical part of the thesis, we analyzed the Slovenian banks’ lending to SMEs, and found that once the crisis started, the share of bank loans to SMEs continued to drop until 2014, when growth was first recorded again. We also determined that in the middle of the financial crisis, more loan applications were filed, and the number of approved loans was also significantly higher