Credit risk management in a small company X

Plačilna nedisciplina je v Sloveniji že dalj časa zelo razširjena. To potrjujejo tudi zadnji podatki, ki jih je objavil AJPES (2016), kjer lahko vidimo, da je bilo v mesecu marcu 2016 v Sloveniji 4.866 pravnih oseb z dospelimi neporavnanimi obveznostmi nad 5 dni neprekinjeno, povprečen dnevni znesek teh obveznosti pa je bil kar 335.478.000 EUR. Primerjava s prvima dvema mesecema istega leta kaže manjši porast števila pravnih oseb z zapadlimi obveznostmi, višina obveznosti pa se je malenkost znižala. Podjetja za izdelke ali storitve, ki jih prodajo svojim kupcem, plačila navadno ne dobijo takoj, ampak kupcem odobrijo različno dolg odlog plačila. Primerjava z Avstrijo kaže, da ta v Sloveniji znaša v povprečju 70 dni in več, v Avstriji pa večinoma 30 dni. Odlog plačila za prodajalca pomeni kreditno tveganje, ki predstavlja možnost izgube zaradi neizpolnitve pogodbenih obveznosti kupca do prodajalca. Kreditno tveganje pa lahko v podjetju obvladujemo s sprejetjem in doslednim izvajanjem ustrezne kreditne politike. Primerjava koeficienta vezave kratkoročnih poslovnih terjatev in kratkoročnih poslovnih obveznosti za leto 2014 kaže, da je proučevano manjše podjetje X terjatve dobilo poravnane v povprečju v 94 dneh, obveznosti pa je poravnavalo v 70 dneh. V panogi, v katero spada proučevano podjetje, pa so se terjatve poravnavale v povprečju v 70 dneh, obveznosti pa v 81 dneh. Proučevano podjetje X svojim kupcem odobrava predolge odloge plačil, svojih terjatev nima zavarovanih, postopek izterjave se začne šele po določenem času in ne takoj ob zapadlosti terjatev, kar vse povečuje kreditno tveganje. Plačilna disciplina v Sloveniji je že dalj časa slaba in tudi ni pričakovati njenega hitrega in občutnega izboljšanja, zato predlagam vodstvu podjetja X, da spremeni politiko kreditiranja kupcev, postopek izterjave je treba sprožiti takoj ob zapadlosti terjatve, zavarovati bo potrebno terjatve vsaj do večjih kupcev. Najprimernejše za podjetje pa bi bilo zavarovanje terjatev pri zavarovalnici.Payment indiscipline in Slovenia has wildly spread over an extended period of time. Also the last published data on AJPES (2016) confirm this. For instance, in March 2016 4,866 companies had overdue obligations of more than 5 days, and the average daily amount of these obligations was 335,478,000 EUR. Comparison with the first two months of the same year shows a smaller increase in the number of companies with overdue obligations, and at the same time the amount of obligation has decreased a little. Companies are usually not paid in advance for their products and services, at the same time customers receive variously long deferment of payment. Comparison with Austria indicates that the latter, in Slovenia stands on average 70 days and higher, while in Austria that is generally 30 days. Deferments of payment represent credit risk for a seller, and the possibility of trade loss due to the non-performance of contractual obligations between the client and the seller. Credit risk cannot be controlled without the adoption of consistent administration, and correct credit policy inside a certain company. Comparison of the binding short-term receivables and short-term liabilities coefficient for 2014 indicates that the studied smaller company X, settled its claims on average in 94 days and its obligations in 70 days. It is common for the industry of the researched company to settle its claims on average in 70 days, and its obligations in 81 days. The studied company X approves longer payment delays for their obligations to its customers, its obligations are uninsured, the process of collection begins after a certain time, and not just after the maturity datetherefore all of it increases credit risk. Payment discipline in Slovenia has been poor for a long time, and it is not expected to rapidly and significantly improve. Therefore, my suggestion to the management of company X is to change the policy of financing of their customers. The recovery procedure should be launched immediately upon the maturity of the claim in order to secure at least debts to major customers. Company’s most efficient strategy would be to insure their claims with the insurance company