Subsidiary and sensible use of the General Administrative Procedural Act in procedures enforcing student rights and responsibilities in Republic of Slovenia and chosen European countries

V magistrski nalogi je obravnavano ključno vprašanje, ali gre za prekoračitev avtonomije slovenskih univerz pri sprejemanju in uporabi internih procesnih predpisov in posledično, v katerih postopkih pri uveljavljanju pravic in dolžnosti študentov se Zakon o splošnem upravnem (ZUP) postopku uporablja subsidiarno ali le smiselno. Pravica do izobraževanja je ustavna pravica, ki določa, da država ustvarja možnosti, da si državljani lahko pridobijo ustrezno izobrazbo, pri čemer mora biti upoštevano načelo enakosti pred zakonom. Univerze so avtonomne na podlagi Ustave Republike Slovenije, poudarek v tem prispevku pa je na avtonomiji v smislu samostojnosti pri sprejemanju predpisov ter na stopnji avtonomije univerz, saj le-te zaradi nujnosti upoštevanja ostalih ustavno zagotovljenih pravic ne morejo imeti popolne avtonomije. Avtonomija je prednost, a tudi slabost v smislu, da je potrebno posamezna področja še posebej skrbno urediti z internimi predpisi, ki niso v nasprotju z nadrejenimi zakonskimi predpisi in ustavo. Na splošno velja, da je upravni postopek sistem procesnih pravil, po katerih ravnajo upravni in drugi organi (tudi univerze kot izvajalci javnih služb), kadar odločajo v upravnih zadevah o pravicah, obveznostih ali pravnih koristih strank. Splošna pravila upravnega postopka na vseh upravnih področjih v vseh upravnih zadevah ureja ZUP. V kolikor zaradi posebnosti nekega upravnega področja splošna pravila ZUP ne ustrezajo ali niso zadostna, se lahko posamezno postopkovno vprašanje ali več posebnih pravil upravnega postopka uredijo drugače ali na novo s posebnim zakonom, ZUP pa se uporablja podrejeno oziroma dopolnilno. ZUP se uporablja tudi v drugih javnopravnih, torej »neupravnih« zadevah, a v teh primerih le smiselno. Sem sodijo postopki v zvezi z uveljavljanjem večine pravic in dolžnosti študentov, kot jih opredeljujejo Zakon o visokem šolstvu (ZVis) in interni akti univerz, pri čemer pa sledi obveza univerz in drugih izobraževalnih institucij, da ravnajo po ZUP (ravnanje z nepopolno vlogo, obrazložitev odločitve ipd.). Vendarle pa so na visokošolskem področju odstopanja nujna, potrebna in upravičena. ZVis kot posebni zakon na področju visokega šolstva ne vsebuje postopkovnih določb glede uveljavljanja pravic in dolžnosti študentov, ampak posamezne postopke, razen prijavno-sprejemnega postopka ter vpisnega postopka, prepušča avtonomnemu urejanju univerz. Pri vpisu na fakultete je sicer določeno, da univerze oz. fakultete avtonomno določijo pogoje za vpis, sam postopek pa je določen na nacionalni ravni s pravilnikom pristojnega ministra, moral pa bi biti urejen z zakonom kot »lex specialis« v odnosu do ZUP (»lex generalis«).The master thesis deals with the key question regarding the potential excess of autonomy of Slovene universities when passing and using internal processes and consequently, in which proceedings that deal with student rights and responsibilities, the General Administrative Procedural Act is to be used subsidiary or just sensibly. The right to education is a constitutional right stating that the state is providing the possibility for citizens to acquire a suitable education whereby the principle of equality before law must be met. Universities are autonomous based on the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. Emphasis in this thesis is on autonomy in the sense of independence when passing regulations and on the actual level of university autonomy as it cannot be full because of the need to comply with other constitution-abided rights. Autonomy is an advantage, but it can also be a disadvantage in the sense that individual fields need to be carefully organized with internal regulations in a way that they are not in violation with superior regulations and with the Constitution. The administrative procedure is a system of procedural regulations that are followed by administrative and other bodies (including universities as public service performers) when deciding on administrative matters, rights, obligations and legal interests of clients. The General Administrative Procedural Act deals with general rules of administrative procedure on all administrative fields and in all administrative matters. In the case of a special administrative field where the general rules of the General Administrative Procedural Act cannot apply or are not sufficient, an individual procedural question or a set of rules of the administrative procedure can be managed differently or with a new, special act and the General Administrative Procedural Act is only used subsidiary or supplementary. The General Administrative Procedural Act is also used in other public law regulations, therefore non-administrative matters, but only sensibly. Among those are also procedures dealing with enforcing student rights and responsibilities as defined in the Higher Education Act and in internal university regulations. The obligation of universities and other educational institutions is to act in accordance with the General Administrative Procedural Act (when dealing with an incomplete application, explaining a decision etc.). However, deviations in the higher education field are essential, necessary and justifiable. The Higher Education Act, as a special act in the field of higher education, does not include processional provisions regarding enforcing student rights and responsibilities, therefore leaving individual proceedings, with exception of the application and admission procedure, to autonomous organization of universities. Regarding the enrolment procedure, universities or faculties are autonomous in setting enrolment conditions, but the procedure is set on a national level with rules of the ministry in charge, although it should be regulated by an act as »lex specialis« in relation to the General Administrative Procedural Act (»lex generalis«)