Comparison of experimental work in the classroom and observations in the field for teaching astronomical topics in extra-curricular Primary school activities

Pri raziskavi priljubljenosti fizike v osnovni in srednji šoli se je izkazalo, da je astronomija med najbolj priljubljenimi interesnimi dejavnostmi naravoslovja. Mnenja smo, da bi lahko vključevanje astronomskih vsebin v pouk osnovne šole povečalo priljubljenost fizike in tako povečalo vpis na fakulteto za fiziko. Astronomske vsebine lahko učitelj v osnovni šoli, razen v interesni dejavnosti, izvaja še pri pouku naravoslovja, fizike in pri izbirnih predmetih iz astronomije. V interesni dejavnosti Astronomija se izvaja predvsem metoda praktičnega dela. V magistrski nalogi smo na dveh osnovnih šolah analizirali uspešnost dveh modalitet metode praktičnih del eksperimentov v razredu in opazovanj v naravi pri pouku Astronomije kot interesne dejavnosti. Po izvedbi pouka smo znanje analizirali s testom, ki je vseboval vprašanja strategij presoje. Zanimalo nas je, pri kateri modaliteti bodo učenci usvojili več znanja na različnih nivojih. Predvidevali smo, da bodo učenci, ki so opazovali v naravi, pokazali več znanja. Preučili smo znanje učencev glede na razred in obisk astronomskih izbirnih predmetov. Izvedli smo intervjuje z učitelji osnovnih šol, na katerih izvajajo interesno dejavnost Astronomija, da bi ugotovili razlike in podobnosti v poučevanju. Opravili smo intervjuje z ravnatelji šol, na katerih izvajajo izbirne predmete iz astronomije oziroma interesno dejavnost Astronomija, da bi ugotovili način njihovega izvajanja.The research of physics popularity in primary and secondary school have shown that extra-curricular astronomical activity was among most popular of all such science activities. We think that including of astronomical topics into lessons in primary school will increase physics popularity and the number of students. Teacher in primary school can teach astronomical topics in: extra-curricular activityscience lessonsphysics lessonsand elective astronomy courses. Extra-curricular activity for astronomy use mainly practical work method. In this master theses we analyzed the success of two different modalities of practical work methods: experiments in the classroomand observations in the nature. The observation was performed at extra-curricular activity of astronomy on two different primary schools. We analyzed the acquired knowledge of pupils with tests that included assessment strategy questions. We wanted to discover which modality of practical work is more efficient in the knowledge retention at different levels? We analyzed the knowledge of pupils according to year of study and enrollment to the elective course of astronomy. We interviewed primary school teachers who teach the extra-curricular activities of astronomy to find out differences and similarities of teaching. We also interviewed headmasters of primary schools that offer elective courses of astronomy or extra-curricular activities of astronomy to find out how they managed to offer these learning activities