Payment cards market in Slovenia and Poland

Kartično poslovanje je eden izmen ključnih načinov plačevanja, glede na trend rasti in delež, ki ga dosega med negotovinskimi plačili. Naloga vključuje teoretični in empirični del. Z njo smo želeli prikazati rezultate raziskave o položaju trga plačilnih kartic v Sloveniji in na Poljskem. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili vlogo kartičnega poslovanja, kartičnih shem in kartičnega trga za razvoj negotovinskih plačil in udeležence ter pomen najpomembnejših dejavnikov razvoja trga plačilnih kartic, ki se izvajajo na trgu plačilnih storitev in prinašajo spremembe v poslovno okolje kartičnega poslovanja v Evropi. Ugotavljamo, da so najvplivnejši dejavniki, ki krojijo današnje spremembe na področju plačil s karticami, predpisi in zakoni. Le ti izhajajo iz uradnih aktov Evropske unije, nacionalne zakonodaje posamezne države ter pravil kartičnih združenj Visa in MasterCard. V empiričnem delu magistrske naloge smo predstavili in preučili področje trga plačilnih kartic Slovenije in Poljske v obdobju 2004–2014. Ugotovili smo, da pomen kartičnega poslovanja v obeh državah še vedno narašča. Je pa dejstvo, da je slovenski kartični trg bolj zrel, poljski pa v intenzivnejši rasti. To smo ugotovili iz kazalnikov razvoja kartičnega trga na področju izdajanja kartic (število kartic (na prebivalca), število plačil, vrednost plačil s karticami) in na področju sprejemanja kartic na POS terminalih (število POS terminalov (na prebivalca), število plačil in vrednost plačil s karticami na POS terminalih). Kazalnike smo med državama primerjali v istem časovnem obdobju. V raziskovalnem delu magistrske naloge smo celovito preučili trg plačilnih kartic Slovenije in Poljske, še posebej z vidika vpliva ekonomske krize v letih 2008–2014 na njun razvoj. Ugotovili smo, da je rast kartičnih trgov v obeh preučevanih državah v obdobju krize sicer počasnejša kakor v obdobju pred njo. Razlika v stopnji rasti trga plačilnih kartic v obdobju pred in med krizo je večja za poljski trg plačilnih kartic. Ugotovili smo tudi, da obstaja za kartična trga obeh držav priložnost za povečanje negotovinskega kartičnega poslovanja na račun poslovanja z gotovino. Preučili smo tudi vpliv dejavnikov iz okolja, ki spodbujajo kartično poslovanje. Ugotovili smo, da je bilo na Poljskem v preučevanem obdobju v razvoj na tem področju vključene več iniciative s strani kartičnih sistemov in države za celoten kartični trg, kar je dodatno pripomoglo k pozitivnemu trendu širjenja kartičnega poslovanja v tej državi v obdobju 2004–2014. Na osnovi celovite analize smo v sklepu magistrske naloge podali predloge za razvoj kartičnih trgov v Sloveniji in na Poljskem, saj ima z razvojem kartičnega trga koristi poleg uporabnikov kartic (potrošniki), sprejemnikov kartic na prodajnih mestih (trgovci), izdajateljev kartic, pridobiteljev trgovcev in ostalih deležnikov, tudi nacionalno gospodarstvo. Raziskava je pokazala, da ekonomska kriza ni vplivala na stopnjo rasti trga plačilnih kartic v Sloveniji, je pa vplivala na stopnjo rasti trga plačilnih kartic na Poljskem. Vsled tega smo potrdili v uvodu zastavljeno hipotezo, vezano na trg plačilnih kartic v Sloveniji, in zavrnili hipotezo, vezano na trg plačilnih kartic na Poljskem.Card business is one of the kea areas in every economy, due to growth and part in non-cash transactions. The master thesis involves theoretical and empirical part. We wanted to show the results of research on the situation of the market of payment cards in Slovenia and Poland. In the theoretical part of the master thesis we represented the most important part of card business, card schemes and card market for non-cash transactions development and players, and also meaning of the most significant factors of card market’s development in Europe. We examined and presented the most important factors changing the card business development, such as regulations of European Union, country law and rules of payment systems Visa and MasterCard. We represented and examined the field of card market in Slovenia and Poland in the period 2004–2014. We found out that the card business is increasing. Nevertheless we want to point out that Slovenian card market is more mature but Polish is growing faster. This was analyzed and found out from the development indicators of the card market for the issuing of cards (number of cards (per capita), number of payments, value of payments) and for the acquiring of cards at POS terminals (number of POS terminals (per capita), number of payments and value of card payments at POS terminals). The indicators between both countries were compared in the same time period. For the needs of practical part of the master thesis we comprehensively examined payment cards market in Slovenia and in Poland especially from the aspect of impact of the economic crisis during the years 2008–2014 on their development. We found out the growth of card market in both countries, during the crisis is slower than in the period before crisis, but the difference is greater in the Polish market of payment cards. Also, we found out for both payment cards markets there is still room to replace cash payments in favour of non-cash card payments. We also studied the influence factors from environment that promote card business. We discovered that it was in Poland in analyzed period in the development of this area involved several initiatives by the card systems and the state, for the whole card market. This additionally contributed to the positive trend of spreading the card business in the country in the period 2004–2014. In the conclusion of the master thesis we made some proposals how to develop payment cards markets of discussed economies, because due to it, benefit card users (consumers), merchants accepting cards at points-of-sale through POS-terminals, card\u27s issuers, merchant\u27s acquireres, other players and also national economy. Consequently, we confirmed the hypothesis raised in the introduction of the master thesis linked to the payment cards market in Slovenia and rejected the hypothesis linked to the payment cards market in Poland