The Acquisition of Title to Real Estate by Prescription with an overview of case law

Diplomsko delo z naslovom »Pridobitev lastninske pravice na nepremičnini s priposestvovanjem v povezavi s sodno prakso« obravnava institut priposestvovanja kot originarnega načina pridobitve lastninske pravice na nepremičninah in vsebuje pregled aktualnih sodnih odločb na tem področju. Priposestvovanje lastninske pravice na nepremičninah omogoča izpolnitev temeljnih predpostavk, in sicer dobre vere, lastniške posesti ter preteka 10 – letne priposestvovalne dobe, ki morajo biti izpolnjene kumulativno. Do priposestvovanja nepremičnine lahko pride v primerih, ko posestnik pridobi le posest na stvari, ne pa lastninske pravice, ker niso bile izpolnjene vse predpostavke za njeno pridobitev. Zato pravimo, da institut sanira neveljavno pridobitev lastninske pravice in zagotavlja pravno zaščito posestnika oziroma bodočega lastnika nepremičnine. V diplomskem delu predstavim razvoj instituta, njegovo ureditev na področju Slovenije od Avstrijskega Občnega zakonika (ODZ), nato Zakona o temeljnih lastninsko pravnih razmerjih (ZTLR) in do današnje ureditve v Stvarnopravnem zakoniku (SPZ). Stvarnopravni zakonik je dal zemljiški knjigi nekoliko večji pomen. Določa namreč, da je dobroverni lastniški posestnik tisti, ki je v opravičljivi zmoti glede dejstva, da je stvar njegova. To pomeni, da je pri vpisanih nepremičninah lahko v dobri veri samo, če se je vpisal v zemljiško knjigo. Vendar pa zakonodajna ureditev ni povsem jasna, saj lahko iz nje razberemo, da zakonik dovoljuje tudi izvenknjižno priposestvovanje nepremičnin. Kljub temu, da Stvarnopravni zakonik določa strožje zahteve glede priposestvovanja nepremičnin lahko opazimo, da sodna praksa v zadnjih letih vse bolj pogosto dovoljuje tudi izvenknjižno priposestvovanje.The thesis entitled »The Acquisition of Title to Real Estate by Prescription with an overview of case law« examines an institute of prescription as an original manner of acquiring title to real estate and provides an overview of current court decisions in this area. Good faith of the acquirer, enforcement of ownership rights and the expiry of prescription period within 10 years are the basic conditions for acquisition of title to real estate by prescription which must be met cumulatively. Acquisition by prescription can appear in the cases where possessor did not gain property to real estate because not all preconditions for the acquisition were fulfilled. Consequently we can say that acquisition by prescription fixes the primary false acquisition by the acquiring person and ensures legal protection of the (future) real estate owner. This thesis also represents the legislative development of the acquisition by prescription in our legal order, from the Austrian Civil Code (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch – ABGB) to the Yugoslavian Basic Property Law Relations Act (Zakon o temeljnih lastninsko pravnih razmerjih – ZTLR) and finally to the Slovenian Law of Property Code (Stvarnopravni zakonik – SPZ). The Slovenian Law of Property Code gives much more important role to the Land Register in relation to this Institute. The most important condition for acquisition by prescription is good faith of the possessor. Regarding to the registered real estate it means that the acquiring person must be registered in the land register as the owner of a real estate to acquire by prescription. However, our law is not entirely clear about this, because Slovenian Law of property Code recognizes unregistered acquisition of prescription as well. Although Slovenian jurisprudence sets more stringent requirements for real estate acquisition by prescription, one can observe that the court increasingly allows unregistered prescription as well