Analysis of the latest case law on the easements in public interest

Lastninska pravica kot temeljna človekova pravica kljub absolutnemu varstvu ni povsem neomejena. Omejitve lastninske pravice posameznika so namreč dopustne zaradi njene gospodarske, socialne in ekološke funkcije in se posplošeno imenujejo omejitve v javnem interesu ali zaradi javne koristi. Obstoj zakonske podlage in javnega interesa za omejitev lastninske pravice nista dovolj. Dopustnost omejitve se namreč presoja tudi z vidika načela sorazmernosti. Gre za instrument s katerim se preprečujejo prekomerni posegi oblasti v lastninsko pravico posameznikov. V okviru posegov v lastninsko pravico na nepremičninah naše pravo pozna institut »utesnitve« lastninske pravice na nepremičninah imenovan služnost v javno korist. Gre za posebno vrsto nepravih stvarnih služnostnih pravic, ki so ustanovljene v korist države, lokalnih skupnosti, izvajalcev javnih služb in nosilcev različnih infrastrukturnih dejavnosti. Ustanovijo se lahko na podlagi pogodbe med služnostnim upravičencem in lastnikom nepremičnine ali prisilno s pravnomočno upravno odločbo. Trajanje služnosti v javno korist je omejeno, razen če zakon določa drugače. Omejeno je na čas, ki je nujno potreben za dosego namena za katerega so bile služnosti v javno korist ustanovljene. Prenehajo v večini primerov na podlagi odločbe upravnega organa ali s pretekom časa za katerega so bile ustanovljene, ko torej niso več nujno potrebne.The property right as a fundamental human right, despite the absolute protection is not entirely unrestricted. Restrictions of the property rights of the individual are in fact permissible because of its economic, social and ecological functions generally known as restrictions in the public interest or for the public benefit. The existence of a legal basis and the public interest for the restrictions of property rights are not enough. The permisson of restrictions has to be assessed in terms of the principle of proportionality. It is an instrument intended to prevent excessive government interference with the property rights of individuals. In the context of interference in the real property our law is familiar with »compression« institute of real property known as an easement in the public benefit. It is a special type of irregular easement rights established for the benefit of the state, local communities, public service providers and carriers of various infrastructure activities. They can be established by a contract between the easement beneficiary and the owner of the real property or enforced by a final administrative provision. The duration of the easement in the public interest is limited, unless otherwise provided by law. It is limited to the time strictly necessary to achieve the purpose for which the easement in the public interest is established. In most cases they end by a decision of the administrative authority or after the expiration of the period for which they were established, therefore when they are not necessary anymore