Managing operational risks of the human factor in banking

Operativna tveganja obstajajo že od samih začetkov človeštva. Ne sicer v takšni obliki, kot jih poznamo danes, a že v pradavnini se je človek zavedal nevarnosti in v boju za preživetje nagonsko reagiral tako, da bi zmanjšal nevarnost. S tem, ko so se širile človeške dejavnosti, pa se je širilo tudi upravljanje z operativnimi tveganji. Vse to nas je pripeljalo do današnjega obdobja, ko je potreba po institucionaliziranem upravljanju operativnih tveganj v družbi, praktično neizbežna. O upravljanju operativnih tveganj obstajajo številne smernice in bodisi zavezujoči, bodisi nezavezujoči dokumenti, ki narekujejo ravnanje v zvezi z operativnimi tveganji. Za bančni sektor velja, da je ledino zaoral dokument Basel II, ki je upravljanje operativnih tveganj postavil ob bok drugim tveganjem, prisotnim v bankah in drugih finančnih institucijah. Operativna tveganja v grobem delimo v štiri vrste: Tveganja informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije, tveganja procesov, tveganja zunanjih dejavnikov ter tveganja človeških virov. Medtem, ko se tveganja informacijsko komunikacijske tehnologije in tveganja procesov, da uspešno obvladovati z vpeljavo kontrol in ukrepov, lahko za tveganja zunanjih dejavnikov rečemo, da lahko ukrenemo le ukrepe, ki bodo škodo omilili, nemogoče pa je omenjena tveganja izničiti. Poseben izziv za upravljanje pa predstavljajo tveganja človeških virov. Na človeško vedenje lahko namreč vpliva toliko spremenljivk, da ga je praktično nemogoče predvideti. V raziskavi, ki smo jo opravili, smo ugotovili, da se vodje v dovolj veliki meri zavedajo pomembnosti in vsebine operativnih tveganj, katerih vir so zaposleni ter, da se kot najpogostejše tveganje s tega področja pojavlja pomanjkanje kadra.Operational risks have been present, since the starts of the human era. The early ancestors of modern human have already been aware of the danger and have been instinctively making decisions, to avoid dangerous situations in the fight for survival. When humanity has evolved, so has the awareness and management of operational risks. It all lead to today\u27s modern era, when the need of institutionalized management of operational risks is inevitable. Today, there are many documents, containing guidelines for management of operational risks. When talking about operational risks in banking industry, we can not avoid the Basel II document. Basel II is the first agreement, which has defined operational risks as equal to other risks, present in banks. There are four different types of operational risks: operational risks of informational technology, operational risks of processes, operational risks of external factors and operational risks of human factor. While the risks of informational technology and processes are possible to control with appropriate controls, the risks of external factor are impossible to control. All we can do is prepare and lower the damage. When talking about managing operational risks, special attention goes to managing risks of human factor. Human behaviour has so many variables, that it is impossible to predict how the employee will react. In the research, we have done, we have discovered, that the bosses are aware of the importance and contents of operational risks of human factor. Also, the research shown, that the most common risk of human factor is shortage of staff