PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA

Ventilatorska pljučnica (VAP) je med najpogostejšimi zapleti pri pacientih, ki ležijo v intenzivni enoti in so priklopljeni na mehanično ventilacijo. VAP podaljša ležalno dobo na intenzivni enoti, pogosto povzroči smrt pacienta in predstavlja velik dodaten strošek za zdravstveni sistem. Namen diplomskega dela je bil opisati in predstaviti ukrepe za preprečevanje VAP. V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno (opisno) metodo dela, pri kateri nam je bila v pomoč domača, predvsem pa tuja literatura. Podatke smo iskali s pomočjo bibliografskega sistema Cobiss, prav tako pa tudi s tujimi iskalniki strokovne literature in člankov Pub Med, UpToDate, Medline in SpringerLink. Podatke smo analizirali in jih uredili v celoto. Različne raziskave ugotavljajo, da se VAP da uspešno zmanjšati, če ne celo popolnoma preprečiti. Potrebno je veliko truda, znanja in natančnosti pri delu predvsem medicinskih sester, da se VAP prepreči. Glavna dejavnika za preprečevanje VAP sta ustna nega in aspiracija dihalnih poti.Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common complication of ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). VAP increases ventilator time, length of stay, and cost of care and is the leading cause of death among hospital-acquired infections. The purpose of the thesis was to describe and introduce measures to prevent VAP. We used a descriptive method with a systematic review of domestic and foreign literature. The literature was retrieved from electronic databases Cobiss and the cooperative bibliographic/catalogue database like Pub Med, UpToDate, Medline and SpringerLink. Data were analyzed and arranged into a whole. Many studies conclude that VAP can be successfully reduce, if not totally prevented by taking a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to ventilator care. It takes a lot of effort, knowledge and precision in the work especially nurses, to prevent VAP. The main factors for the prevention of VAP are oral care and aspiration of the airways