NOVELTIES AT DEBT ENFORCEMENT ON IMMOVEABLE PROPERTY

Diplomska naloga obravnava novosti, ki so se pojavile pri izvršbi nepremičnin s sprejemom zadnjih novel ZIZ-J in ZFPPIPP-F. Izvršilni postopek je sodni nepravdni postopek, ki ob pomoči državnih prisilnih sredstev med dolžnikom in upnikom vzpostavlja takšno stanje, kakršno ima upnik pravico zahtevati na podlagi izvršilnega naslova. Zakon o izvršbi in zavarovanju (ZIZ) je začel veljati 15.10.1998 in je bil večkrat noveliran. Zadnja Novela ZIZ-J je posledica razmer na področju izvršbe. Z uveljavitvijo novele ZIZ-J bi se naj odpravil tudi zastoj, ki so ga z institutom odloga na predlog upnika imeli na voljo upniki v izvršilnih postopkih kot sredstvo, če je dolžnik med postopkom prenehal izpolnjevati svoje obveznosti. Odlog izvršbe je zastoj v izvršilnem postopku, ki ga sodišče nikoli ne odloži po uradni dolžnosti, temveč vedno na predlog stranke ali tretjega. V praksi se dogaja, da je nepremičninska izvršba kompleksna, dolgotrajna, realizirana cena pa bistveno nižja od ocenjene vrednosti, pa tudi nepremičnine se na prvem naroku ne prodajajo. Z namenom pospešitve prodaje je bil sprejet 171.a člen ZIZ, na podlagi katerega lahko sodišče na predlog upnika in po obvestilu preostalih solastnikov, katerih deleži niso predmet izvršbe, nepremičnino proda kot celoto. Na novo pa je urejen tudi zemljiški dolg, pri katerem je predvidena objava oklica na sodni deski in na spletni strani sodišča. K povečanju prodaje nepremičnin na javnih dražbah bo bistveno pripomoglo tudi, da na prvem prodajnem naroku nepremičnina ne sme biti prodana za manj kot 70% ugotovljene vrednosti, hkrati pa je ukinjen tudi tretji narok. Poleg ZIZ-a je bil številnih sprememb deležen tudi Zakon o finančnem poslovanju, postopkih zaradi insolventnosti in prisilnem prenehanju. S sprejemom zadnje novele ZFPPIPP-F in z 298.a členom velja, da sta v stečajnem postopku hipoteka in z njo zavarovana terjatev pravočasno prijavljeni, če je vknjižba hipoteke na nepremičnino stečajnega dolžnika začela učinkovati pred začetkom stečajnega postopka.The graduation thesis addresses the novelties which arose regarding the execution of real estate with the adoption of the last amending act of The Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on Execution and Security (ZIZ-J) and The Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on Financial Operations, Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Dissolution Act (ZFPPIPP-F). The execution process is a judicial non-litigious procedure which sets up a condition between the debtor and the creditor which can be claimed by the creditor on the grounds of an executory title with the use of state coercive measures. The Law on the Execution and Insurance Act (ZIZ) entered into force on 15th October 1998 and was amended several times. The last amendment ZIZ-J is a consequence of the situation in the field of execution. The enforcement of the amendment ZIZ-J should also eliminate the standstill which the creditors of execution processes had available because of the institute of suspension by the proposal of the creditor as a threat if the debtor ceased to meet their obligation during the process. The suspension of execution is a standstill in the executive process, which the court never postpones ex officioit is always postponed at a proposal of a customer or third person. There are instances in practice that the real estate execution is more complex, prolonged and the realized price far lower than the rated value and the real estate is not sold on the first hearing. The article 171.a of the ZIZ was adopted with the intention to speed up the sale on the basis of which the court can sell the property as a whole on the proposal of the creditor and after informing the remaining co-owners the shares of which are not subject to execution. The land debt has also been newly arranged, it foresees a notice of the calls on the judicial notice board and on the court\u27s web-page. A rise in the sales of real estate on public auctions will also be substantially helped by the provision that the real estate cannot be sold for less than 70% of its estimated value on its first auction and by the abolition of the third hearing. Along with ZIZ, the Law on Financial Operations, Procedures for Insolvency Proceedings and Compulsory Winding-Up was also subject to many changes. The last amendment of ZFPPIPP-F and the article 298.a dictate that the mortgage and with it the insured claims in the bankruptcy proceedings are reported on time if the entry of the mortgage on the real estate of the debtor in bankruptcy came into force before the start of the bankruptcy procedure