Execution of alternative punishment sanctions

Storilci kaznivih dejanj so bili skozi zgodovino deležni različnih obravnav. Antično kazensko pravo, kar velja tudi za rimske zakonike, je storilce različnih kazenskih dejanj obravnavalo zelo okrutno. Humanizem v 16. stoletju, ki se je v svojih temeljnih delih obračal k človeku in ga povzdigoval v njegovi biti, je pogled na storilce kaznivih dejanj nekoliko spremenil in s tem tudi oblike njihovega kaznovanja. Danes se v različnih državah sveta poslužujejo različnih kazenskih sankcij, ponekod je v veljavi še vedno smrtna kazen, Evropska unija, in Slovenija kot njena članica, se medtem opira na temeljne človekove pravice. Varovanje in spoštovanje človekovega življenja pri tem ostajata visoko med prioritetami, ki jih morajo spoštovati vse članice, s tem pa nasprotujejo tudi smrtni kazni. V moderni družbi, del katere smo, pa se deviantnost vendarle veča, kar vodi v večje število obravnav, to pa posledično v večji delež državnega proračuna, ki je temu namenjen. Ne pozabimo na kapacitete kazenskih institucij, ki so skoraj do potankosti napolnjene. Poleg klasičnih prisilnih oblik izvrševanja kazenskih sankcij, so se v zadnjem času pojavile oblike alternativnega izvrševanja kazni. Posledice uvedbe so poleg razbremenitve kapacitet kazenskih institucij tudi pozitivni fiskalni učinki, država pa s tem izkazuje tudi večjo humanost v družbi. Kljub dokaj podrobni in obširni zakonski ureditvi, ki je doživela kar nekaj sprememb, vseh usmerjenih pretežno v možnosti čim širše uporabe alternativnih sankcij, pa pri izvrševanju in predvsem nadzoru nad izvrševanjem alternativnih kazenskih sankcij prihaja do pomanjkljivosti, posledično sistem ne prinaša učinkov, kot bi jih moral in mogel. Še vedno je veliko nerešenih vprašanj, predvsem praktičnega vidika, kar otežuje izvrševanje teh sankcij, posledično podaljšuje tudi posamezne postopke, kar je pri že tako omejenem številu strokovnih delavcev na tem področju, odločilnega pomena. Nerazumljivo je, da so kljub vsem zakonskim možnostim s tega področja in vsem težnjam k izboljšanju stanja in optimizaciji na področju kazenskih sankcij, pretežna populacija naših zaporov še vedno osebe, ki prestajajo kratkotrajne zaporne kazni.Criminals have received different treatments through the history. The ancient criminal law, which can also be applied to Roman Code, treated the perpetrators of various criminal offenses very cruelly. In 16th century humanism in its roots had a tendency towards the man, worshipping him. Therefore the movement slightly changed punishments and their adoption in society. Nowadays all around the world, there are various criminal sanctions in use. In some countries death penalty is still legislated, but on the other hand, European Union and Slovenia as its member, are based on fundamental human rights. Protection and respect for human life remain among priorities to be respected all around the European Union and therefore opposing death penalty. As a part of modern society, deviation is nevertheless still increasing, followed by larger numbers of hearings and consequently a greater proportion of country´s budget, which was designed for this intention. Let us not forget the capacities of institutions, which are almost all full. Besides traditional forms of forced execution of criminal penalties, alternative penalties have recently been introduced. The consequences of such introduction lead to relieving capacity of penal institutions and also show positive fiscal effects and a greater humanity performed by country. Rather detailed and extensive legal regulation has undergone several changes, thus all of them were aimed predominantly in possibilities of wider use of alternative penalties. Yet the execution and supervision of the alternaties show some weaknesses and the system lately does not produce effects, as it could and should. There are still many unsolved questions, particularly in practical point of view, which makes it difficult for successful enforcement of alternative penalties and is consequently prolonging the individual procedures, which is in case of limited number of professionals in this field, crucial. It is incomprehensible how despite of all legal possibilites in this area and all aspirations to improve the situation and optimization in the field of criminal sanctions, prisons are mostly full of people serving short sentences