The Validity of Evidence Optained from Abroad

V tujini pridobljeni in potem domači državi posredovani dokazi so rezultat mednarodne pravne pomoči, in sicer posameznih dejanj iz kazenskega postopka, ki jih na podlagi zaprosila ali izdane sodne odločbe pravosodnih organov opravi pristojni organ v zaprošeni ali izvršitveni državi in tako pripomore k učinkovitejšemu in hitrejšemu reševanju sodnih postopkov.Pri tem lahko pride do dveh različnih pravnih položajev: zaprošena ali izvršitvena država je dokaze že pridobila z namenom uporabiti jih v lastnem kazenskem postopku, vendar jih je nato zaradi prevzema kazenskega pregona ali prevzema kazenskega postopka posredovala državi prosilki mednarodne pravne pomoči ali državi izdajateljici sodne odločbe, izdane za v ta namen. Če so ti dokazi, ki so jih s posameznimi procesnimi dejanji pridobili tuji organi, v skladu z njihovo zakonodajo, so le-ti veljavni tudi v našem kazenskem postopku (pravilo locus regit actum), razen če so bili pridobljeni s kršitvijo ustavno zajamčenih človekovih pravic. Drugi položaj pa predstavlja sutiacijo, ko bodo ti dokazi šele pridobljeni in to po iniciativi tujih pravosodnih organov. Le-ti imajo možnost navesti formalnosti in postopkovne zahteve, ki naj se izpolnijo pri pridobivanju dokazov. Veljavnost tako pridobljenih dokazov omogoča načelo forum regit actum, premosorazmernost možnega vpliva pa zahtevano skladnost z domačimi postopkovnimi določbami. Mednarodna pravna pomoč je zasnovana konvencijsko, in sicer na multilateralnem nivoju še zmeraj aktualne Evropske konvencije o medsebojni pravni pomoči v kazenskih zadevah Sveta Evrope in Konvencije o medsebojni pravni pomoči v kazenskih zadevah ned članicami Evropske unije. Temeljita na načelu recipročnosti in pravilu locus regit actum. Zaprosilo je moč zavrniti v primeru neobstoja dvojne kaznivosti, zaprošena država pa ga ugodi v skladu s svojo zakonodajo. V pravnem sistemu Evropske unije temelji pravosodno sodelovanje v kazenskih zadevah na načelu vzajemnega priznavanja sodb in sodnih odločb. Evropski preiskovalni nalog bo tako sodna odločba, ki jo je država izvršiteljica načeloma dolžna izvršiti.Evidence obtained abroad and provided to the home country is a result of international legal assistance, i.e. iduvidual acts from the criminal procedure that the competent authority from the requested state or the executing state implements based on a request or a judical decision of judical authority, thus contributing to a more effective and quicker resolution of judical proceedings. This my result in two different legal statuses: the requested or executing state has already obtained the evidence with a viev to using it in its own criminal procedure, but it then provided it to the state requesting international legal assistance or the state issuing the judical decision for this purpose on account of taking over the prosecution or the criminal procedure. If the evidence optained by foreign authorities through individual procedural acts is in accordance with their law, the evidence is valid in our criminal procedure as well(locus regit actum), unless obtained through the violation of constitutionally guaranteed human rights. The second legal status is a sutiation where the evidence is yet to be obtained at the initiative of foreign judical authorities. They have opportunity to state the formalities and procedural requirements that must be satisfed when obtaining the evedence. The principle of forum regit actum ensures the validity of evidence obtained in this way, while the proportionality of possible influence ensures the required compliance with domestic procuderal provisions. International legal assistance is based on conventions, i.e. the Eropean Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters of the Council of Europe, which is stil in force and relevant at the multilateral level, and the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union. They are both based on principle of reciprocity and the rule locus regit actum. The request may be denied in the absence of double criminality, and the requested contracting party complies with the request in line with its legislation. In the legal system of the European Union judical cooperation in criminal matters is regulated by the principle of mutual recognition of judgements and judical decisions. The European Investigation Order shal be a judical decision that the executing state is in principle obliged to execute