PROPERTY LAW CLAIMS IN CASE OF BANKRUPTCY, SPECIFICALLY THE REAL SECURITY RIGHTS OF EXCLUSION AND SEPARATION

Namen diplomskega dela je podrobneje predstaviti nastanek ločitvene in izločitvene pravice, položaj ločitvenega in izločitvenega upnika in uveljavitev obeh pravic v stečajnem postopku ter osnove samega stečajnega postopka. Stečajni postopek je oblika prenehanja prezadolženega dolžnika. Vodi ga stečajni upravitelj ob nadzoru sodišča. Z začetkom stečajnega postopka se iz celotnega premoženja stečajnega dolžnika izoblikuje stečajna masa, z unovčenjem katere se po pravilih in v vrstnem redu, ki ga določa zakon poplačajo upniki stečajnega dolžnika. Ločitvena pravica je pravica do posebnega poplačila iz premoženja, ki je predmet le-te. Pravni temelj za njen nastanek so različni stvarnopravni in obligacijskopravni položaji. V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni samo stvarnopravni položaji, ki so temelj za pridobitev ločitvene pravice. To so zastavna pravica, prenos lastninske pravice na premičnini v zavarovanje in odstop terjatve v zavarovanje. Vsi pravni položaji pa morajo za veljavno pridobitev ločitvene pravice obstajati že pred samim začetkom stečajnega postopka. Premoženje, ki je predmet ločitvene pravice tvori posebno stečajno maso. Izločitvena pravica pa je pravica izločitvena upnika, da zahteva izločitev določene stvari iz stečajne mase, ker zatrjuje, da je lastnik on in ne stečajni dolžnik. Izločitvena pravica temelji na lastninski pravici izločitvenega upnika ali pogodbenih razmerjih, na podlagi katerih je izločitveni upnik upravičen od stečajnega dolžnika zahtevati določeno stvar, ki sicer ni njegova last, vendar pa tudi ni last stečajnega dolžnika.The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a thorough presentation as to the origin and formation of the right of separation and exclusion of assets, the legal standing of the separationary and exclusionary creditors and the enforcement of said rights in the course of bankruptcy proceeding, as well as the fundamentals of the bankruptcy proceeding itself. The bankruptcy proceeding is one of the possible forms of legal cessation of an insolvent debtor. It is a proceeding run by a bankruptcy manager, overseen by the court. With the initiation of the proceedings a bankruptcy mass is formed out of the entire estate of the debtor. With the capitalization of said bankruptcy mass the creditors of the bankrupt debtor are paid in order and according to the rules dictated by law. The right of separation of assets is the right of a creditor to demand repayment out of the value of assets subject to the right. The legal basis of the right is in various property or contract law positions. In this dissertation only the property law positions which are the basis for the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings are presented. These positions are first lien debt, the transfer of the right of ownership on real estate as collateral and the subrogation of debt as a form of security. In order for the right of separation of assets to be viable, one of the mentioned legal positions must exist before the initiation of the bankruptcy proceedings. The assets, which are subject to the right of separation of assets form a reserved bankruptcy, mass. The right of exclusion of assets on the other hand is the right of the exclusionary creditor to demand the exclusion of a specific object or objects out of the bankruptcy mass based on the claim that he that is the exclusionary creditor is the rightful owner of said object and not the debtor. This right is based on the exclusionary creditor\u27s right of ownership or on specific contractual relations which entitle the exclusionary creditor to demand the return of the object from the debtor, which is not the legal property of the exclusionary creditor, but is however not the legal property of the debtor either