Sexual behavior and contraception use among secondary-school students in north-east Slovenia

Izhodišča: Starost pri prvem spolnem odnosu je čedalje nižja, kar je verjetno posledica lažnega občutka zrelosti srednješolcev in tudi vpliva različnih medijev. Namen te raziskave je preučevanje oblik spolnega vedenja in ozaveščenosti o kontracepciji med srednješolci nekaterih večjih mest severovzhodne Slovenije. Metode: Raziskavo smo izvedli z anketiranjem srednješolcev od aprila do junija 2009 na devetih srednjih šolah v Mariboru, Murski Soboti, Slovenj Gradcu in na Ravnah na Koroškem. Anketirali smo gimnazijke in gimnazijce ter dijakinje in dijake srednjih zdravstvenih šol. Ankete so bile izpolnjene v času razrednih ur, pri izpolnjevanju pa je bila zagotovljena anonimnost in intimnost. Podatke smo obdelali s statističnim programom SPSS 13.0. Rezultati: Razdelili smo 5456 vprašalnikov, vrnjenih pa je bilo 4415 vprašalnikov (80,9 %), za končno analizo je bilo primernih 4184. Vprašalnike je izpolnilo 1426 dijakov (34,1 %) in 2758 dijakinj (65,9 %). Povprečna starost vseh anketirancev je bila 16,8 ± 1,2 let. Povprečna starost se med dijaki in dijakinjami ni razlikovala. Vaginalni spolni odnos je že imelo 53,0 % anketirancev. Starost, pri kateri je imela polovica mladih že spolne odnose, je 17,0 let. Oralni spolni odnos je imelo 40,0 % srednješolcev, analnega pa 12,0 %. Srednješolci so bili pri prvem spolnem odnosu zaščiteni z zanesljivo kontracepcijo (86,2 % dijakinj in 89,1 % dijakov). Pri spolnem odnosu v zadnjih treh mesecih je največ deklet za zaščito uporabljalo oralno hormonsko kontracepcijo (49,9 %), največ fantov pa uporabljalo kondom (54,0 %). Prvi vir informacij o spolnosti so mediji (47,3 %), medtem ko so najkoristnejše informacije od staršev (35,2 %). Gimnazijke in gimnazijci so v primerjavi z dijakinjami in dijaki srednjih zdravstvenih šol redkeje spolno aktivni (46,0 % proti 65,0 %, p = 0,000). Zaključki: Starost, pri kateri je imela polovica mladih že spolne odnose, je 17 let. Osveščenost srednješolcev glede kontracepcije je dobra, skrbi morda le nekoliko višji odstotek analnih odnosov. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so dijakinje in dijaki srednjih zdravstvenih šol v primerjavi z gimnazijkami in gimnazijci v večjem odstotku spolno aktivni.Background: Age at first intercourse is declining, probably due to a false sense of maturity of the secondary-school students as well as due to the impact of different media. The purpose of this research is to examine the pattern of sexual behaviour and awareness of contraception among secondary school students in some of the major cities of northeastern Slovenia. Methods: The survey was done between April and June 2009 in nine secondary-schools in the cities of Maribor, Murska Sobota, Slovenj Gradec and Ravne na Koroškem. The questionnaires were filled out during class hours in complete anonymity and privacy. The data processing was done by SPSS 13.0 programme. Results: We distributed 5456 questionnaires, 4415 (80.9 %) were returned, out of them 4184 were suitable for analysis. There were 1426 (34.1 %) male and 2758 (65.9 %) female students included in the analysis. The average age of the 4184 students was 16.8 ± 1.2 years, the average age of male students being the same as for female students. 53.0 % of students have already had vaginal sexual intercourse, and the age at which 50 % of secondary-school students experienced vaginal sexual intercourse was 17.0 years. Oral sex was already experienced by 40.0 % of the students, and 12.0 % of all students had already had anal sex. At the first sexual intercourse, a reliable contraception was used by 86.2 % of female and 89.1 % of male students. In the last three months, for protection purposes, the condom was mostly used by boys (54.0 %) and oral hormone contraceptives were used by girls (49.9 %). The first source of information on sexuality, as stated by students, were the media (47.3 %), but the most useful information they got was that from their parents (35.2 %). Less grammar-school students have ever had sexual intercourse compared to other secondary-school students (46.0 % vs. 65.0 %, p = 0.000). Conclusions: The age at which a half of secondary-school students experienced vaginal sexual intercourse was 17.0 years. Students are very conscious about protection, however the rate of anal sexual intercourses is a bit concerning. There are some differences in sexual behaviour among secondary school students: thus we found that students of other secondary-schools were more sexually active then students attending grammar school