DETECTING VERACITY WITH THE USE OF MICROFACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Obraz je neskončna zakladnica podatkov o čustvih. Informacije na obrazu niso le znamenje o tem, kaj se dogaja v nas, ampak so v nekem smislu natančno tisto, kar imamo v mislih. Izurjeni strokovnjaki naj bi kljub kratkotrajnosti znali zaznati in prepoznati mikro obrazne izraze, kar pa je manj zanesljivo in težje brez videoposnetka. Ugotavljanje pričanja z opazovanjem besednih in nebesednih znakov zavajanja je pomembno predvsem takrat, ko dejanskega stanja ne moremo ugotoviti drugače, z drugimi dokazi ali pričami. Bistveno je, da so kriminalisti seznanjeni z vsemi znaki zavajanja, saj jih tako lahko hitreje prepoznajo. Namen diplomskega dela je bil definirati bistvene elemente za ugotavljanje verodostojnosti na podlagi usmerjanja pozornosti na besedne in nebesedne znake. Cilj je bil ugotoviti, kako bi lahko ta koncept vpeljali v prakso pri nas ter v kolikšni meri je (že) znan našim kriminalistom. Iz prebrane literature sem ugotovila, da so verbalni znaki manj znani in da podcenjujemo njihovo zanesljivost saj dajemo večjo pozornost neverbalnim znakom. V praksi je več ugotavljanja zavajanja s pomočjo nebesednih znakov kot s pomočjo besednih znakov. Raziskave tako potrjujejo, da ljudje, ki lažejo v običajnih okoliščinah precej več gestikulirajo, skušajo se govornim in glasovnim posebnostim zavestno izogibati, prav tako ljudje, ki lažejo med govorjenjem pogosteje obmolknejo in se večkrat zmotijo.The face is an endless treasure trove of emotions. Facial information is not only a sign of what is happening in us, but in a sense, is precisely what we have in mind. Despite the short duration, trained experts should able to detect and identify micro- facial expressions, which is less reliable and harder without video. Identifying false testimonies by observing verbal and nonverbal signs of deception is particularly important, when no other evidence can be used or witnesses interrogated to establish the credibility of a testimony. The investigators must be acquainted with all deception techniques to be able to identify such events more promptly and with more ease. The purpose of this study was to define the essential elements for establishing credibility on the basis of focusing attention on verbal and non-verbal signs. The aim was to determine how we could introduce this concept as a practice in our country and the extent to which it is (already) known to our criminal investigators. I discovered from the completed literature that verbal signs of lying are less known and underestimated for their reliability since we give greater attention to non-verbal signs of lying. In practice, the detection of deception is greater through the help of non-verbal signs of lying than through the help of verbal signs of lying. Studies also show that people who lie under normal circumstances use frequent gestures, trying to avoid verbal or sound peculiarities, and people who lie often go silent and are often distracted