THE EFFECTS OF VALUE BASED AGRO-FOOD CHAIN ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF DAIRY FARMS IN MOUNTAIN REGIONS

Analizirali smo agroživilsko verigo z dodano vrednostjo in pridobili empirične rezultate o končnih vplivih le-te na upravičenost/neupravičenost kmetovanja kmetij s prirejo mleka v gorskih območjih. Pri tem smo se omejili na analizo socialnih in ekonomskih vplivov (socio-ekonomskih vplivov). Kot pilotni primer smo izbrali agroživilsko verigo z dodano vrednostjo, kjer ima vlogo ključnega akterja Mlekarna Planika. V analizi smo uporabili tri različne metodološke pristope: i) ekonometrično modeliranje, ii) multivariatno matrično analizo in iii) pristop analize medsebojnih odnosov. Rezultati so pokazali pozitivne ekonomske učinke analizirane agroživilske verige na kmetije s prirejo mleka, korelacijo med indikatorji posrednih socialnih in ekonomskih učinkov in dobro povezanost med akterji znotraj agroživilske verige z visoko stopnjo zaupanja med njimi. Rezultati doktorske disertacije pojasnjujejo smiselnost ohranjanja kmetovanja na gorskih območjih v Sloveniji in pomen ohranitve analizirane agroživilske verige z dodano vrednostjo na obstoj kmetij s prirejo mleka. Rezultati ekonometričnega modeliranja so pokazali, da bi kmetije s prirejo mleka, ki so del analizirane agroživilske verige z dodano vrednostjo utrpele manjši padec povpraševanja po odkupu mleka s strani Mlekarne Planika v primeru zvišanja tržne cena konzumnega mleka za 1 %. Nekoliko višji padec povpraševanja po mleku (0,12 %) bi utrpele kmetije, ki niso del te agroživilske verige z dodano vrednostjo. Z multivariatno matrično analizo smo ugotovili povezanost socialnih in ekonomskih učinkov, kar pomeni, da so »višja odkupna cena«, »redno plačilo« in »bližina zbirnega mesta za mleko« pomembni dejavniki pri obstoju kmetij, ki oddajajo mleko v Mlekarno Planika. Analiza medsebojnih odnosov pa je razkrila zelo dobro razvito komunikacijo o kvaliteti osnovnih surovin (mleka) in mlečnih izdelkov, pri čemer pa komunikacije o vrednotah, kot so solidarnost med akterji, pravična cena, dobro počutje živali, kmetovanje na okolju prijazen način, manjša uporaba fitofarmacetskih sredstev, praktično ni oz. se izgubi vzdolž agroživilske verige. Ugotovili smo, da akterji v analizirani agroživilski verigi pozabljajo na pomembnost komunikacije o teh vrednotah, kar glede na raziskave s tega podorčja predstavlja poememben dejavnik uspešne rasti agroživilskih verig z dodano vrednostjo.The eligibility of production on dairy farms in mountain regions was analysed using empirical data on the effect of a value-based agro-food chain. The analysis focused on social and economic (i.e. socioeconomic) impacts. For this case study, we chose an agro-food chain in which the Planika Dairy plays a key role. Three different methodological approaches were used: i) econometric modelling, ii) multivariate matrix analysis and iii) constellation analysis. The results show that this agro-food chain has a positive economic impact on the dairy farms studied. In addition, a correlation exists between indirect socioeconomic impacts and well-developed relationships between the actors in the food chain, which are characterised by high levels of confidence and mutual trust. The empirical results obtained indicate the relevance of maintaining milk production in Slovenian mountain regions and the importance of preserving the value-based agro-food chain to ensure the dairy farms’ continued existence. The results of the econometric modelling show that dairy farms in the analysed value-based agro-food chain would experience a small decline in the Planika Dairy’s demand for milk, given an increase of one percent in the market price of consumption milk. A slightly higher decline in demand for milk (0.12%) would negatively affect farms that are not part of the value-based agro-food chain. The correlations between socioeconomic impacts were found through multivariate analysis, in which the ‘higher purchase price of milk’, ‘regular payment’ and ‘proximity collection point for milk’ are important factors in the existence of farms in mountain regions connected to the Planika Dairy. Constellation analysis revealed quite well developed communication about the quality of basic raw materials (i.e. milk) and dairy products, while the communication of values such as fair price, animal welfare, reduced use of pesticides and environmentally friendly farming does not exist or is lost along the chain. This study found that actors in the value-based agro-food chain analysed have forgotten the importance of communicating about values, which is a necessary element in the successful growth of value-based agro-food chains