Preventing the exploitation of residence permits and social transfers by foreigners

Veliko je povedanega in napisanega o tako imenovani migrantski krizi, ki je dosegla tudi Slovenijo v letu 2015. Ko spremljamo to krizo kot opazovalci in vidimo vse te ljudi, ki so zapustili svoje domove z upanjem, da bodo nekje imeli boljšo prihodnost, nas preplavijo različni občutki: zanimanje, sočutje, pripravljenost na pomoč, hkrati pa tudi strah pred negotovo prihodnostjo. Včasih pomislimo: že za nas ni dela, kaj bo pa sedaj. Ljudje se selimo že od nekdaj. Razlogi so različni: vojne, naravne katastrofe ali zgolj ekonomske narave. V našem delu bo obravnavana skupina tujcev, ki niso državljani EU in običajno za vstop na območje EU potrebujejo vizum. Če pa ta skupina ljudi želi opravljati delo ali prebivati na območju EU, pa potrebujejo delovno dovoljenje in dovoljenje za prebivanje, ki ga pridobijo pod določenimi pogoji, za določen namen. Včasih prosilci ne izpolnjujejo pogojev za pridobitev omenjenih dovoljenj in jih ne bi pridobili, če ne bi pristojnim organom predstavili okoliščin, ki niso dejanske in pravilne. V takšnih okoliščinah so podani pogoji za sum zlorabe pri pridobivanju potrebnih delovnih in bivalnih dovoljenj. Pri preiskovanju zlorab se večkrat ugotovi, da je bilo dovoljenje za prebivanje izdano v nasprotju z namenom, zaradi katerega je prosilec zaprosil za pridobitev dovoljenja za prebivanje. Druga oblika zlorab, ki bo predstavljena, je izkoriščanje socialno varstvenih transferjev na osnovi pridobljenega dovoljenja za prebivanje. Zgodi se, da pristojni organi zaznajo zlorabe, vendar so zaradi neurejene in pomanjkljive zakonodaje, pomanjkanja ustreznih evidenc, pomanjkanja sodelovanja med samimi organi srečujejo z velikimi težavami pri preiskovanju in preprečevanju tovrstnih zlorab. Težko je pričakovati, da bodo pristojni organi preprečili in odkrili prav vsak primer zlorab, ampak z vsakim primerom zlorab pri pridobljenem dovoljenju za prebivanje nastane določena škoda. Največkrat je ta oblika škode ekonomska škoda, kot je to npr. neupravičeno izplačevanje otroškega dodatka, neupravičeno uveljavljanje zdravstvenih storitev itd. So pa takšni primeri zlorab povezani tudi s storitvijo različnih kaznivih dejanj, kar pa predstavlja večjo nevarnost za pravni red države. Pomembno je, da država pravočasno odreagira na primere takšnih zlorab. Predvsem vlada in zakonodajalec morata sprejeti primerne ukrepe, kot so sprejem novih zakonov ali sprememba že obstoječe v smislu preprečevanja omenjenih zlorab, ustanovitev pristojnih organov, ki bi lahko s svojim znanjem, izkušnjami in drugimi viri bili učinkoviti pri preiskovanju in preprečevanju zlorab pri pridobivanju dovoljenj za prebivanje s stani tujcev. V Sloveniji imamo veliko različnih služb, ki se ukvarjajo z omenjeno problematiko, vendar vsaka v okviru svojega področja. Bolje bi bilo, če bi vso to znanje, izkušnje, vire združili v enoten organ – imigracijsko policijo, kot je to primer v nekaterih državah v tujini.Much has been said and written about the so-called migrant crisis, which has also reached Slovenia in 2015. Once this crisis is monitored by an observer and see all these people who have left their homes with the hope that they will have a better future somewhere, overwhelm us different feelings. Interest, compassion, willingness to help, but also fear of an uncertain future. Sometimes we think we already did not have enough work, what you will do in the future. People are moving since time immemorial. There are different reasons such as wars, natural disasters, or purely economic nature. In our work we will present a group of foreigners who are not EU citizens and usually to enter the territory of the EU visa requirement. If, however, this group of people wishing to carry out work or residence in the EU, they need a work permit and a residence permit that they acquire, under certain conditions, for a specific purpose. Sometimes applicants do not fulfill the conditions for obtaining such licenses and it would not have obtained if it had not presented to the competent authorities of the circumstances that are not factual and correct. In these circumstances exist conditions for suspecting abuse in obtaining the necessary work and residence permits. When authorities investigating abuses repeatedly they found that the residence permit issued contrary to the purpose for which the applicant has applied for a residence permit. Another form of abuse, which will be present is the exploitation of social assistance transfers on the basis of the acquired residence permit. What happens is that the competent authorities detect abuse, but due to disordered and lack of legislation, lack of adequate records, a lack of cooperation among the authorities, faced with considerable difficulties in the investigation and prevention of such abuse. It is difficult to expect the competent authorities to prevent and detect every instance of abuse, but in any case of fraud in obtaining a license for a residence incurred certain damage. Most often, this type of damage is economic damage, as for example, an unjustified payment of child benefit, unduly enforce health services, ect. However, there are such cases of abuse are also associated with various crime offenses, which represents a major threat to the legal order of the country. It is important that the State timely react to cases of such abuses. In particular, the government and the legislature must adopt appropriate measures such as to adoption of new laws or amend existing ones in terms of preventing the above abuses, the establishment of the competent authorities which could with their knowledge, experience and other resources have been effective in investigating and preventing abuses in obtaining permits residence abroad by foreigners. It would be better if all this knowledge, experience and resources combine together in a single body - Immigration police, as is the case in some countries abroad