WITH ECOLOGICAL WOODEN HOUSE TO A MODERN AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HOME

Predmet obravnave magistrske naloge predstavljajo lesene ekološke hiše. Te izpolnjujejo poglavitne smernice sedanjega in prihodnjega razvoja gradbeništva, saj združujejo lastnosti, ki imajo velik prispevek k ohranjanju spoštljivejšega odnosa do naravnega okolja. Lesena ekološka gradnja namreč temelji na uporabi naravnih gradbenih materialov, visoki energetski učinkovitosti, izrabi obnovljivih virov energije in zmanjšanju škodljivih izpustov v ozračje, hkrati pa zagotavlja varno in ugodno bivalno okolje. Skozi vsebino magistrske naloge so podrobneje predstavljene značilnosti lesene ekološke hiše, vezano na konstrukcijske sisteme, različne energetske rešitve, varnost in odpornost ter kakovost bivanja. Predstavljene so tudi lastnosti pasivnih in nizkoenergijskih hiš, ki veljajo za najbolj razširjen energetski koncept. Problem, ki je v nalogi obravnavan, izhaja iz uporabe lesa pri gradnji hiš, saj ljudje v Sloveniji še vedno v veliki meri prisegamo na klasično opečno gradnjo. Razlog za nizek delež lesenih gradenj pri nas je po našem mnenju slaba seznanjenost ljudi o bistvenih značilnostih oziroma prednostih lesenih ekoloških hiš, kar privede do dvomov ljudi o tovrstnem načinu gradnje. Analiza raziskave, ki smo jo izvedli z anketnim vprašalnikom, je potrdila, da so ljudje razmeroma slabo seznanjeni z energetsko varčnim načinom lesene gradnje in ne poznajo bistvenih značilnosti oziroma prednosti, ki jih prinaša. S statistično metodo t-test smo ugotovili, da bi se anketirani, ki so bolj seznanjeni z lastnostmi in prednostmi lesene ekološke gradnje, raje odločili za izgradnjo tovrstne hiše kot ljudje, ki so slabo seznanjeni, s čimer smo potrdili svojo prvo hipotezo. Zaradi omenjenega smo predlagali izboljšavo v smeri intenzivnejšega oglaševanja preko televizije ter povečanja informiranosti širše javnosti o dogodkih oziroma srečanjih, ki temeljijo na promociji energetsko varčne ekološke gradnje. Kot predlog izboljšave, ki bi olajšal pot do izvedbe naložbe, smo izpostavili še možnost izplačevanja nepovratnih finančnih spodbud pred oziroma med izvajanjem gradnje torej takoj, ko slovenski okoljski javni sklad odobri vlogo in ostalo dokumentacijo in ne šele po zaključku del. Možna alternativa bi bila tudi znižanje cen hiš za toliko, kot je predviden znesek subvencije, katero bi nato prejel proizvajalec kot preostanek do polne vrednosti hiše. Druge hipoteze nismo v celoti potrdili, niti je nismo ovrgli, saj je njena vsebina zatrjevala, da so ljudje mnenja, da lesene ekološke hiše nudijo večjo mero ugodja in varnosti bivanja, kot klasične opečne hiše. Rezultati so razkrili, da ljudje lesenim ekološkim hišam pripisujejo večjo mero ugodja bivanja v primerjavi s klasično opečno hišo, ne pripisujejo pa jim višje stopnje varnosti.The subject of the master\u27s thesis represents wood eco houses. They comply with the key guidelines for the current and future development of the construction industry as they combine the characteristics that largely contribute to the preservation of a more respectful attitude towards the natural environment. Wood eco construction is thus based on the use of natural building materials, high energy efficiency, use of renewable energy sources, and reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere while providing a safe and comfortable living environment. The content of the master\u27s thesis presents in detail the characteristics of wood eco house linked to the structural systems, various energy solutions, security and resistance, and quality of life. The characteristics of passive and low-energy houses, being considered as the most widely used energy concept, are also presented. The issue analysed in this thesis arises from the use of wood in the construction of houses as people in Slovenia still largely decide for the traditional brick construction. In our opinion, the reason for a low percentage of wood construction in Slovenia is a poor awareness of people about the essential characteristics, respectively the advantages of wood eco houses that make people doubt in such a construction method. The research analysis, conducted with a help of a questionnaire, confirmed that people have relatively poor knowledge regarding the energy-efficient method of wood construction, and are thus not familiar with the essential characteristics, respectively the advantages it brings. With the statistics T-Test we found out that the respondents who are more familiar with the characteristics and advantages of wood eco construction would more likely decide for such home construction as the people who have little knowledge, by which our first hypothesis was confirmed. The claimed, we have proposed the improvements made in the direction of intensified advertising on television and informing the general public about the events or meetings based on the promotion of energy-efficient eco construction. As an example of proposal for improvement that would facilitate the way to realize an investment, we also highlighted the possibility of funding non-refundable financial incentives prior to or during the execution of construction works, thus as soon as the Slovenian Environmental Public Fund would approve the application and other documentation, and not only upon completion of works. A possible alternative to it would be also a price for houses reduced for as much as the expected amount of the subsidy that would be received by the manufacturer as a reminder of the full value of the house. The second hypothesis was not confirmed in full nor was refuted since its content proved that the people\u27s opinion is that the wood eco houses offer a higher level of comfort and security of living compared to the traditional brick houses. The results have shown that people attributed to the wood eco houses a higher level of comfort of living compared to the traditional brick houses, still they do not attribute them a higher level of security