THE SYSTEM OF THE TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE INDICATORS IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY

Povzetek Doktorska disertacija povezuje kazalnike bruto domačega proizvoda (BDP) s kazalniki kakovosti življenja. S kazalniki BDP se osredotočamo na uspešnost gospodarskih družb in gospodarsko rast. S kazalniki kakovosti življenja se osredotočamo na ekonomski, neekonomski in okoljski vidik kakovosti življenja, ki jih BDP ne zajema. BDP daje premalo celovite podlage za odločanje. Zasnujemo zato nov model indikatorjev, uporabnih za celovitejše merjenje kakovosti življenja in zato za spodbujanje inovativnosti, tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav in znanja za bolj smiselno gospodarsko rast (ki ne uničuje naravnih pogojev za življenje ljudi in drugih delov narave) v tranzicijski državi, npr. Republiki Sloveniji (RS). To je izviren model tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav, inovativnosti in znanja za gospodarsko rast kot podlago kakovosti življenja S-TTRIK (Sistem tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav, inovativnosti in znanja). Podpira kakovost življenja, ne le BDP. Ugotovili smo, kako se dajo meriti vplivi in povezave med področjem inovativnosti kot lastnosti in invencijsko-inovacijskega-difuzijskega procesa, tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav ter tehnično-tehnološkega znanja na gospodarsko rast tranzicijskega gospodarstva, npr. slovenskega, za namen dosegati boljšo kakovost življenja. Empirični prispevek raziskave konceptualizira in statistično preverja sekundarne statistične podatke za RS med letoma 1990 in 2011 na makroekonomski ravni s pomočjo korelacijske in regresijske analize. Konceptualiziramo in statistično preverjamo zasnovane spremenljivke, ki se nanašajo na kakovost življenja in uspešnost gospodarskih družb, na vzorcu 288 gospodarskih družb na mikroekonomski ravni s pomočjo faktorske, korelacijske in regresijske analize. Na makroekonomski ravni RS ugotavljamo, da tehnično-tehnološke raziskave, inovativnost in znanje, na podlagi katerih naj bi država tvorila dinamično ter konkurenčno gospodarstvo, z večjim ekonomskim znanjem, izobraženostjo in inovativnostjo, statistično značilno vplivajo na gospodarsko rast tranzicijskega gospodarstva RS. Tehnično-tehnološke raziskave pozitivno vplivajo na kakovost življenja. Ne izkaže se neposredni vpliv znanja in inovativnosti na kakovost življenja. Gospodarska rast je osnova za boljšo kakovost življenja, kar potrjujemo s preverjeno hipotezo na makroekonomski ravni RS. Tehnično-tehnološke raziskave in inovativnost statistično značilno vplivajo na uspešnost gospodarskih družb RS. Neposredni vpliv znanja na uspešnost gospodarskih družb se le delno pokaže. Na kakovost življenja (ekonomski, neekonomski in okoljski vidik) statistično značilno vplivata le inovativnost (inovativni procesi oziroma storitve ter trženje inovativnih procesov oziroma storitev) in znanje (vzpostavitev sodelovanja med gospodarskimi družbami, instituti in univerzami). Uspešnost gospodarskih družb podpirajo ekonomski, neekonomski in okoljski vidiki kakovosti življenja. V skladu s prednostnimi nalogami iz strategije Evropa 2020, smo BDP dopolnili z indikatorji oziroma kazalniki, od katerih je odvisna kakovost življenja, to so: okoljski vidik, socialno-družbeno okolje, gospodarstvo, tehnično-tehnološke raziskave, inovativnost in znanje. Zasnovani nov model S-TTRIK na podlagi izsledkov korelacijske in regresijske analize tvori nov sistem indikatorjev kakovosti življenjazajema spremenljivke tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav, inovativnosti in znanja ter indikatorjev gospodarske rasti na mikroekonomski in makroekonomski ravni. Model povezuje različne vsebine in poglede na področju tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav, inovativnosti, znanja, gospodarske rasti in kakovosti življenja, kolikor mogoče raznoliko, vendar strnjeno, ter pojasnjuje, katero izmed proučevanih področij tehnično-tehnoloških raziskav, inovativnosti in znanja ima največji vpliv na kakovosti življenja ter na gospodarsko rast.Abstract The research attempts to integrate indicators of gross domestic product (GDP) with the indicators of quality of life. By GDP indicators, the research focuses on the company\u27s success and economic growth. As quality of life, the research deals with the economic, non-economic, and environmental determinants of quality of life. GDP has a lack of a comprehensive basis for decision making. Therefore, we design a new model of indicators that are useful for a more comprehensive measure of quality of life and, therefore, to promote innovation, technology research and knowledge for a more meaningful economic growth (which does not destroy the natural conditions of human life and other parts of nature) in transition countries, for example. The Republic of Slovenia (RS). This is an original design of technology research, innovation and knowledge for economic growth as a basis the quality of life of S-TRIK (The System of the Technology Research, Innovation and Knowledge) supports the quality of life, not just GDP. We found how to measure the impacts and linkages between areas of innovation such as the characteristics and invention-innovation-diffusion process, the engineering research and technology knowledge to the economic growth of transition economies, for example Slovenian, for the purpose of achieving a better quality of life. The empirical contribution to research analyses and statistical verifies the data for RS between 1990 and 2011 on macro- economic level according correlation and regression analysis. We conceptualize and empirically verify individual variables based on the quality of life and company success with a sample of 288 economic companies on micro- economic level according correlation, regression and factor analysis. At the macro- economic level, of the RS, we find that the technology research, innovation and knowledge, pursuant to which the state should constitute a dynamic and competitive economy, with greater economic knowledge, education and innovation, have a statistically significant effect on the economic growth of the transitional Slovenian economy. Technology research has a positive effect on quality of life. The direct impact of innovation and knowledge on quality of life could not be confirmed. Economic growth is the basis for a better quality of life, which is confirmed by the hypothesis verified at the macroeconomic level of RS. Technology research and innovation have a positive effect on the company’s success of RS. The direct impact of knowledge on the company’s success is only partially confirmed. On the quality of life (economic, non-economic and environmental aspects), have a statistically significant impact only innovation (innovative processes products/services and marketing of innovative products/services) and knowledge (the reestablishment of collaboration with economic companies, institutes and universities). Company’s success is supported by economic, non-economic and environmental aspects of quality of life. In accordance with the priorities of strategy Europe 2020 we complemented GDP with indicators that affect quality of life, these are: the environmental aspect, social aspect, economic aspectand with indicators of technology research, innovation and knowledge. The creation of the new model S-TRIK is based on correlation and regression analysis and cover a new system of indicators of quality of lifethat investigates variables technology research, innovation, knowledge and economic growth at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level of the RS. The model integrates various topics and perspectives in the field of technology research, innovation, knowledge, economic growth and quality of life as much diverse as possible, and yet conciseand also explains which of the studied areas of technology research, innovation and knowledge has the greatest impact on quality of life and economic growth