RECESSION IN SLOVENIA AND EUROPEAN UNION: THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL-ECONOMIC CRISIS IN THE CASE OF COMPANY POŠTA SLOVENIJE D.O.O.

V tem magistrskem delu se ukvarjamo s preučevanjem zadnje velike globalne recesije, najhujše po veliki depresiji iz 30-ih let prejšnjega stoletja. Ukvarjamo se z vzroki, ki so leta 2007 pripeljali do izbruha finančne krize v ZDA, ki se je ob globalni prepletenosti finančnega in gospodarskega sveta v dveh letih razširila najprej večinoma na razviti svet, kasneje pa, ko je zajela tudi realni sektor, pa je ves svet potisnila v hudo gospodarsko recesijo. Države EU in Slovenija se z različnimi ukrepi borijo proti škodljivim vplivom recesije, vendar pa so strukturna makroekonomska neravnovesja, ki so se pojavila že pred krizo in se niso ustrezno odpravljala, v času recesije postala še bolj problematična ter so še okrepila negativen vpliv recesije na domača gospodarstva. Recesija v EU je prizadela praktično vse gospodarske panoge, vključno s panogo poštnih in logističnih storitev. Kljub temu pa je večina nacionalnih poštnih operaterjev v EU v recesijo vstopila relativno dobro pripravljena in kriza v tej panogi ni naredila takšne škode kot v nekaterih drugih. Ta podjetja so bila že vrsto let pred krizo soočena s stalnim upadanjem poštnih storitev, poleg tega so se tudi pripravljala na liberalizacijo trga poštnih storitev v EU, zaradi česar so morala neprestano vlagati v razvoj in nove tehnologije, zmanjševati stroške, iskati priložnosti na tujih trgih, uvajati nove storitve in podobno. Podobno kot nacionalni poštni operaterji v EU, je tudi Pošta Slovenije v krizo vstopila relativno dobro pripravljena. Iz poslovanja tudi v času recesije ustvarja dobiček ter izvaja druge aktivnosti za izboljšanje poslovanja in položaja na trgu. Vendar pa je morala po nalogu lastnika (države) pomagati krpati bančno luknjo v Poštni banki Slovenije in v Novi kreditni banki Maribor, kar sicer ni bila praksa drugje v EU, zaradi česar bo v prihodnosti ostalo manj sredstev za vlaganja in razvoj.In this master thesis we are dealing with the study of the last great global recession, the worst since the Great Depression in the thirties of the previous century. We deal with the causes which in 2007 led to the outbreak of the financial crisis in the United States that in the global interconnectedness of the financial and economic world extended mostly in the developed countries in the first couple of years, but later when its impacts reached the real economy, the entire world was pushed into a severe economic downturn. EU countries and Slovenia try to combat the harmful effects of the recession with various measures, but because the structural macroeconomic imbalances that had arisen before the crisis were not eliminated properly, in times of recession they became even more problematic and have only reinforced the negative impact of the recession on domestic economies. The recession in the EU has virtually affected all economic sectors, including industry of postal and logistics services. However, most of the national postal operators in the EU moved into the recession relatively well prepared and the crisis in that industry has not caused such damage like in some others. These companies had already been faced by the steady decline of postal services for a number of years before the crisis, moreover, they had also prepared for the liberalization of the postal market in the EU, which means they had to invest continually in development and new technologies, reduce costs, look for opportunities in foreign markets, introduce new services, etc. Like the national postal operators in the EU, the Slovenian Post was faced with the crisis relatively well prepared. In the time of recession it is able to make profit and carry out other activities to improve its operations and market position. However, it was at the behest of the owner (the state) that the company should help recoup the losses in two banks, Poštna banka Slovenije and Nova Kreditna banka Maribor, which had not been the case elsewhere in the EU. This is the reason why in the future there will be less money for investments and development