COMPARISON OF NON-PECUNIARY LOSS SUSTAINED BY PRIVATE PERSONS IN ENGLISH AND SLOVENIAN LEGAL SYSTEM

Nepremoženjska škoda je institut civilnega prava, ki obravnava povzročeno škodo, pri kateri ni mogoče določiti tržne vrednosti odškodnine, ter je vezana na osebnostno sfero in pravice posameznika. Iskanje idealnega razmerja in tehnike uzakonitve nepremoženjske škode je še danes zelo problematično, saj je nepremoženjska škoda zelo dinamična veja prava, ki je podvržena nenehnim spremembam in prilagajanju, zaradi česar ob primerjavi angleškega in slovenskega pravnega sistema lahko opazimo pravne praznine pri določanju obsega pravice, iskanju meje dovoljenega, ter pravične določitve škode in odškodnine. Slovensko pravo, ki je potomec rimsko-germanskega pravnega sistema temelji na abstraktnih zakonih in pravnih pravilih, angleško pravo, ki pa izhaja iz skupine anglo-ameriškega pravnega sistema, pa temelji na sodnih precedensih in razmeroma redkih abstraktnih zakonih. Prav zaradi te raznolikosti in razvojne samostojnosti je zanimivo primerjati kako je vsak sistem posebej uredil ta institut. Slovensko pravo, za katero je torej značilna abstraktnost in celovitost, ureja področje nepremoženjske škode zgolj v nekaj členih, kateri pa poskušajo zaobseči čim širši spekter dejanskih stanj. Diametralno nasprotje je angleško pravo, ki namesto generalizacije obravnava celotno materijo precizno, z razmeroma minimalnimi odstopanji od predpostavljenega. V prvem delu diplomske naloge je tako predstavljena urejenost nepremoženjske škode v slovenskem pravnem sistemu, katere osebnostne pravice so zakonsko varovane in v kakšnem obsegu, kdo so upravičenci do prejema odškodnine ter način urejanja posameznih pravic. Vsebinsko podobno je v drugem delu predstavljana ureditev nepremoženjske škode v angleškem pravnem sistemu. Sledi sistemska primerjava in poudarek razlik, ter določene prednosti in slabosti obeh pravnih sistemov. V sklepu se dotaknemo tudi potencialnega razvoja odškodninskega prava, kot samostojnega pravnega področja, saj se z spremembo dinamike življenja spreminja tudi dinamika nepremoženjske škode. Razvoj tehnologije, komunikacij, kot tudi globalizacija, ter preoblikovanje družbene morale neposredno vpliva na pojmovanje škodnega dejanja in posledično predstavlja izziv legislatorjem urediti nova področja nepremoženjske škode.Non-pecuniary damage is the institute of civil law, which deals with damages, where market value for compensation can\u27t be determined and is linked to the personal sphere and the rights of each individual. Finding the ideal balance and technique enactment of non-pecuniary damage is to this very day still very problematic, since non-material damage is very dynamic branch of law which is subject to continual change and adaptation. By making the comparison of English and Slovenian legal system we can observe lacuna in determining the scope of the right, search boundaries of permissible and fair determination of damages and its compensation. Slovenian law, who is a descendant of the Roman-Germanic legal system is based on abstract laws and rules of law, English law which is derived from the group of Anglo-American legal system is based on judicial precedents and relatively few abstract laws. It is because of this diversity and its individual development that is interesting to compare how each system separately regulates this institute. Slovenian law, which is thus characterized by abstract and integrity, regulates the area of non-pecuniary damage only in a few articles where they try to encompass wide range of situations. Diametrically opposite is the English law which rather than generalization, addresses the entire matter precise, with relatively minimal deviations from the assumed. In the first part of the thesis is presented regulation of non-pecuniary damage in the Slovenian legal system, which personal rights are legally protected and to what extent, who are entitled to receive compensation and the method of regulation of individual rights. In the second part are similar represented non-pecuniary damages in English legal system followed by systematical comparison with emphasis on differences and advantages or disadvantages of both legal systems. In conclusion we also take a brief look on the potential development of compensatory law as a distinct field of law, because the change in the dynamics of life also changes the dynamics of non-pecuniary damage. The development of technology, communications, as well as globalization and social transformation also have direct impact on the understanding of damages and consequently poses a challenge to legislators who regulate new areas of non-pecuniary damages