UNAUTHORIZED CONSTRUCTIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND CIVIL LAW

Upravno pravo predstavlja samostojno pravno panogo, ki spada v okvir javnega prava, to je prava, ki temelji na urejanju in uresničevanju državne oblasti in usmerjenosti v urejanje in varovanje javnih interesov. Gradbeno dovoljenje, ki je najpomembnejši dokument pri odločanju o tem, ali je neka gradnja dovoljena, se izda v upravnem postopku. Z njim pristojni upravni organ ugotovitvi, da je nameravana gradnja v skladu z izvedbenim prostorskim aktom, da bo zgrajeni ali rekonstruirani objekt izpolnjeval bistvene zahteve, in da z nameravano gradnjo ne bodo prizadete pravice tretjih in javna korist, dovoli takšno gradnjo in s katero predpiše konkretne pogoje, ki jih je treba pri gradnji upoštevati. Med nedovoljenimi gradnjami ločimo nelegalne, neskladne in nevarne gradnje. V primeru, da je objekt nedovoljen, se opravi inšpekcijski postopek, če se seveda nedovoljena gradnja odkrije. Težko bi namreč določili točno število nedovoljenih gradenj v Sloveniji, saj o njih nimamo posebne evidence. Določimo lahko le število nedovoljenih gradenj, o katerih se vodi inšpekcijski postopek. Gradbeni inšpektorji izvajajo nadzor nad izvrševanjem predpisov s področja okolja in graditve v okviru gradbene, geodetske in stanovanjske inšpekcije, Inšpektorata RS za promet, energetiko in prostor. Civilno pravo je veja zasebnega prava, ki se uporablja med strankami, ki so v enakopravnem položaju. Z vidika gradnje je pomembno zaradi sprememb lastnikov nepremičnin, kjer stoji nedovoljena gradnja. Zaradi varstva tretjih in tudi pravnega prometa je zato potrebno uporabiti določene institute, na podlagi katerih se lahko ti seznanijo s pravnim položajem nepremičnine. Med njimi je tudi zaznamba prepovedi zaradi nedovoljene gradnje. Z zaznambo se vpisujejo dejstva, ki niso podlaga za pridobitev pravic. Gre predvsem za pravna dejstva, ki so pomembna za varen pravni promet, npr. dejstva, ki vplivajo na poslovno sposobnost posameznika ali na pravni promet z nepremičnino.Administrative law represents an independent legal branch, which falls within the framework of public law that is, the law, which is based on implementing the state authority and regulation and protection of public interests. The building permission, which is the most important document at deciding whether a certain construction is legally allowed, shall be issued in the administrative procedure. The competent administrative authority declares with the building permission that the intended construction is in accordance with a spatial planning document, that the constructed or reconstructed building meets the basic demands and that the rights of a third party and the public benefic will not be hurt and also determines the actual conditions that must be taken into consideration at the construction process. We differentiate the illicit constructions to illegal, non-conforming and dangerous/hazardous constructions. In case of illicit construction there will be an inspection procedure, if of course such illicit construction is found and reported. Namely, the exact number of illicit constructions in Slovenia is hard to determine as we do not have special records about them. We can only determine the number of illicit constructions being submitted into the inspection procedure. The building inspectors are inspecting the enforcement of regulations in the area of environment and construction according to the Building, Surveying and Housing Inspection of the Transport, Energy and Spatial Planning Inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia. Civil law is a branch of a private law that is being used among clients who are in equal position. From the construction point of view it is important because of the changes of property owners concerning the location of illicit construction. Due to protection of the third parties and the legal transactions a certain institutions have to be applied to become acquainted with a legal position of the property and one of these is a note of ban of illicit construction. The facts, which are not a basis for acquisition of property rights, are inscribed with this note of ban, especially legal facts, which are important for a safe legal transaction , as for example facts, affecting the person’s capacity to exercise rights or affecting legal transaction with the property