The impact of legal regulation of agricultural land on self-sufficiency in Slovenia

Pomen prehranske samozadostnosti v sodobni družbi v obdobju izobilja nima znatnega pomena. Ob nastopu prehranskega pomanjkanja pa privede do stiske in prebivalstvo pahne v obup. Želja po izpolnjevanju zahtev sodobnega časa, predvsem s strani potrošniško družbeno naravnanega ekonomskega sistema, je vedno večja. Samooskrba je pomembna za stopnjo neodvisnosti države. Kmetijstvo in z njim povezana politika v EU predstavljata zelo pomembno in občutljivo področje. Dogovor o enotnem vodenju je težaven, saj je pomen kmetijstva v evropskih državah različen. Skupna kmetijska politika namenja pozornost pretoku davkoplačevalskega in potrošniškega denarja v EU za podporo kmetijskemu sektorju, spodbujanju pridelave hrane in zagotavljanju ustrezne prehranske preskrbe. Z magistrskim delom smo poskušali s teoretično-analitičnim pristopom in pregledom objavljene slovenske literature in literature držav članic EU preučiti pravno ureditev kmetijskih zemljišč in vpliv te na samoopreskrbo. Predpostavljali smo negativni vpliv ureditve slovenske zakonodaje na nevestno ravnanje s kmetijskimi zemljišči in posledično slabo prehransko samozadostnost. Že 71. člen Ustave RS obravnava varovanje zemljišč z namenom zagotavljanja smotrnega izkoriščanja, določa posebne pogoje za uporabo ter varstvo kmetijskih zemljišč. Slovenija spada med tiste evropske države, ki nimajo zelo ugodnih naravnih razmer za kmetijstvo. Obseg obdelovalnih kmetijskih zemljišč se stalno krči in našo državo uvršča med vsemi državami članicami EU šele na 24. mesto. Posledično se prehranska samooskrba slabša. Trenutno Slovenija z domačo pridelavo ne pokriva potreb po kmetijsko-živilskih proizvodih. Ohranjanje najkvalitetnejših kmetijskih zemljišč bi moralo biti prednostna naloga naše države. Uničenje teh s pozidavo pomeni trajno uničenje vseh proizvodnih funkcij zemljišč. Za dolgotrajno nastajanja tal, ki se meri v tisočletjih, pomeni pozidava skoraj nepovratno izgubo najdragocenejšega naravnega vira. ZKZ predpisuje način njihovega varovanje ter upravljanja. Eden največjih razvojnih problemov slovenskega kmetovanja poleg neugodne velikostne strukture ostaja zemljiška in posestna razdrobljenost. Ta ostaja v sedanjem času predvsem posledica dedovanja. Področje dedovanja urejuje Zakon o dedovanju kmetijskih gospodarstev, ki posredno pripomore k varovanju in urejanju kmetijskih zemljišč. Predpis, ki prav tako prispeva k varstvu kmetijskih zemljišč, je tudi Pravilnik o zakupu kmetij in kmetijskih zemljišč v lasti RS in v gospodarjenju Sklada kmetijskih zemljišč in gozdov RS. K povečevanju proizvodnih sposobnosti zemljišč pa pripomore postopek komasacije, za katerega naša država namenja tudi nepovratna sredstva. Te se izvajajo na zaščitenih parcelah in ostalih kmetijskih zemljiščih. Povečevanje proizvodne sposobnosti pa ni edina prednost komasacij, vse večji pomen pridobiva tudi urejanje podeželskega prostora. Spreminjanje namembnosti kmetijskih zemljišč nemalokrat negativno učinkujejo na okolje. Ni dvoma, da je pri tovrstnem ravnanju najpomembnejše denarno okoriščenje ozkega kroga ljudi. Vendar pa je denar brezpredmetna stvar v trenutku, ko ne more povrniti uničene kmetijske zemlje, potrebne za pridelavo hrane.Importance of food self-sufficiency does not have a substantial significance in the period of wealth in the modern society. Once a nutritional deficiency emerges, it leads to distress and plunges the population into despair. The desire to meet the requirements of modern times, especially on the part of the consumer-oriented socio-economic system, is increasing. Self-sufficiency is an important indicator of the degree of independence of the country. Agriculture and the policy related to it in the European Union, is a very important and a very sensitive area. It is hard to achieve an agreement in a unified administration due to differences in the significance of agriculture across different countries of Europe. The common agricultural policy pays attention to fluidity of the taxpayers\u27 and consumers\u27 money in the European Union to support the agricultural sector, promote food production and the provision of appropriate nutritional supply. The objective of the thesis is to study the legal regulation of agricultural land, by using an analytical-theoretical approach, and reviewing the published literature in Slovenia and foreign European Union Member States. We have predicted a negative impact of the of the Slovenian legislation on the negligent handling of the agricultural land and consequently, poor food self-sufficiency. The Article 71st article of the Constitution of Republic of Slovenia deals with protection of land in order to ensure rational utilization, and lays down specific conditions for the use and protection of agricultural land. Slovenia is among those European countries that do not have very favourable natural conditions for agriculture. The extent of agricultural land is constantly shrinking and puts our country on 24th place among all of the Member States of the European Union. As a result, food self-sufficiency rate is decreasing. Currently, Slovenia\u27s domestic production does not cover the needs for agri-food products. Maintaining top quality agricultural land should be a priority for our country. Destruction of such land by construction results in permanent destruction of all production functions of the land. Construction results in almost irreversible loss for long-lasting formation of soil, which is measured in millennia. The Agricultural Land Act provides a way to protect and manage it. Land and property fragmentation in addition to unfavourable size structure is one of the largest developmental problems of agriculture in Slovenia. Currently, this is mainly due to inheritance. The area of inheritance is legislated by the Agricultural Holdings Inheritance Act, which indirectly contributes to the protecting and managing of the agricultural land. The Regulation governing the leasing of agricultural land and farms owned by the Republic of Slovenia and managed by the agricultural land and Forest fund of the Republic of Slovenia also contributes to the protection of agricultural land. To increase production capacity of the land, the process of commassation (merger of agricultural lands of different ownership) is used, for which our country gives out non-refundable grants. These are implemented at protected plots and other agricultural land. However, increasing of the production capacity is not the only advantage of commassation, as more and more importance is placed on the management of rural space. Alteration of agricultural plots often has a negative effect on the environment. There is no doubt that such behaviour is profitable for a narrow circle of people. However, the money is of no value the moment when it is unable to revive the destroyed agricultural land, needed to grow food