The nutrition of the elderly following percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy

Perkutana endoskopska gastrostoma je namenjena bolnikom, ki zaradi motnje požiranja začasno ali trajno ne morejo uživati hrane skozi usta. Pogoj za vstavitev gastrostome je delujoč prebavni trakt od želodca dalje. Priporočljivo je, da po gastrostomi hranimo z industrijsko pripravljeno enteralno prehrano, lahko pa tudi s hrano pripravljeno iz svežih živil. Hranjenje poteka na več načinov: hranjenje v bolusu, kontinuirano hranjenje, po principu težnostnega sistema ali z enteralno črpalko. Cilj prehranjevanja v kateremkoli življenjskem obdobju je vzdrževanje normalne prehranjenosti, ki je seveda pogoj za dobro zdravje in počutje. Namen: V diplomskem delu je predstavljeno hranjenje po perkutani endoskopski gastrostomi (PEG) in spremembe v telesni teži preiskovancev, ob prehodu iz peroralne na enteralno prehrano. Metodologija raziskovanja: V raziskavo, ki je temeljila na kvalitativni metodologiji, so bili vključeni trije preiskovanci, ki so stanovalci v domu starejših. Raziskava je potekala od septembra 2012 do aprila 2013. S komparativno raziskovalno metodo smo primerjali spremembo telesne teže po vstavitvi PEG in spremembi prehrane. Uporabljeno je bilo primarno (opazovanje) in sekundarno gradivo (interna negovalna in medicinska dokumentacija preiskovancev). Rezultati: Z manjšo raziskavo smo ugotovili, da enteralna prehrana vpliva na spremembo telesne teže. Raziskovalni vzorec je bil premajhen, da bi lahko zagotovo sklepali, da se telesna teža poveča, prav gotovo pa se z enteralno prehrano preko PEG, pri starostnikih izognemo malnutriciji. Na rezultat enteralnega hranjenja, so vplivali tudi starost pacienta, telesna konstitucija in njegova osnovna bolezen. Sklep: Hranjenje preko PEG zahteva posebno znanje, individualen pristop, redno opazovanje in natančno dokumentiranje vseh postopkov in posegov. Obravnavana tema je široka in zadnje čase je število pacientov, ki se hranijo preko PEG z enteralno prehrano povečano. Potrebna je redna kontrola antropometričnih meritev (telesne teže, indeks telesne mase), izstopišča gastrostome, splošnega stanja pacienta ter kontrola krvnih preiskav.: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is intended for patients who are having temporarily or permanently swallowing disorders and they aren\u27t capable to take food by mouth. Condition for the insertion of a gastrostomy is functioning digestive tract from the stomach onwards. It is recommended when we are using gastrostomy fed that we use pharmaceutically fed which is prepared by enteral nutrition but we can also use the food which is prepared from fresh foods. Feeding expires out in several ways: feeding in bolus, continuous feeding, according to the principle of the gravity system or with enteral pump. The aim of eating at any stage of life is to maintain normal nutritional status, which is a condition for good health and well-being. Purpose: In the diploma thesis is presented feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and changes in body weight of subjects at transition from oral to enteral nutrition. Methodology research: To the study which is based on qualitative methodology were included three residents of a retirement home. The survey expired from September 2012 to April 2013. With the comparative research method we compared the change in body weight after we inserted the PEG and the nutrition change. Primarily (observation) and secondary materials (medical documentation of subjects) were used. Results: A smaller survey has shown that weight increases on enteral nutrition. Certainly is that according to the full value of enteral formulas and feeding via PEG we can avoid malnutrition in the elderly. On the results of enteral feeding can affect the patient\u27s age, physical constitution and its basic disease. Conclusion: Feeding via PEG requires special knowledge, individual approach, regular observation and precise documentation of all processes and procedures. The presented theme is wide and lately the number of patients who are held via PEG with enteral nutrition increased. The regular control of anthropometric measurements (body weight, body mass index), exits gastrostomy, the general condition of the patient and the control of the blood tests is necessary