THE ROLE OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL IN RESOLVING INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST - ISRAEL AND PALESTINE

Namen diplomskega dela je opredeliti vlogo Varnostnega sveta pri reševanju konfliktov na Bližnjem vzhodu s strani mednarodne skupnosti, konkretno na primerih Izraela in Palestine ter ugotoviti in analizirati možne vzroke za (ne)zmožnost reševanja le-teh. Organizacija združenih narodov je bila ustanovljena kot varovalo pred možnostjo ponovitve grozot iz druge svetovne vojne s strani takratnih zmagovalnih sil. Le-te so si takrat kot ustanoviteljice zagotovile poseben status v Varnostnem svetu, katerega so ohranile vse do danes. Vendar pa sta se tekom zadnjih skoraj 70-ih let, še posebno v času hladne vojne, njihovo razmerje ekonomske moči in politična volja bistveno spremenila. Varnostni svet tako sprejema odločitve v imenu vseh članic OZN, pri čemer poglavitno vlogo igra ravno teh pet stalnih članic: ZDA, Velika Britanija, Francija, Rusija in Kitajska. Pri tem je izrednega pomena pravica do veta, ki v sodobnem mednarodnem okolju lahko bistveno oteži sprejemanje nekaterih najpomembnejših odločitev za ohranjanje ali - še pogosteje - ponovno vzpostavljanje miru in varnosti. Postavlja se vprašanje ali gre zgolj za pomanjkanje politične volje določenih držav ali je dejansko čas »prerastel« sistemsko ureditev OZN, pri čemer je seveda najpomembnejša ureditev Varnostnega sveta. Ali je sistem odločanja še učinkovit ali je za izvajanje temeljne naloge potrebna reforma Varnostnega sveta? In če, ali je potrebno spremeniti le sestavo Varnostnega sveta ali tudi njegove delovne metode? Kakšne so alternative? Z analizo opredeljenega problema želim priti do zaključka, če in kakšne spremembe bi bile potrebne, da bi Varnostni svet ( še naprej ) lahko izpolnjeval svojo ključno vlogo pri reševanju mednarodnih konfliktov in ohranitvi miru.The purpose of the thesis is to define the role of the Security Council in resolving conflicts in the Middle East by the international community, specifically in the cases of Israel and Palestine as well as to identify and analyze possible reasons for the in-ability to solve them. The United Nations was established as a safeguard against the possibility of a recurrence of the horrors of the Second World War by its winning forces. As the founders of organization they have granted themselves a special status in the Security Council, which has been preserved to this day. However over the course of the last nearly 70 years, especially during the Cold War, their ratio of economic power and political will has changed significantly. The Security Council is making decisions on behalf of all members of the UN and the main role is played by just the five permanent members: the U.S., Britain, France, Russia and China. One of the utmost important rights is their right to veto which in the modern international environment can make the adoption of some of the most important decisions to maintain or - more often – to restore international peace and security significantly difficult. The question is whether it is simply a lack of political will of some countries or time has actually "outgrown" the systemic regulation of the UN, most importantly the regulation of the Security Council. Is the decision-making system still effective or needs the Security Council to be reformed to be able to carry out its purposes? And if so, whether it is necessary to change only the composition of the Security Council or also its working methods? What are the alternatives? By analyzing the problem I want to come to the conclusion if any changes would be necessary for the Security Council to be able to continue fulfilling its essential role in resolving international conflicts and maintaining peace